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In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has made remarkable progress, revolutionizing cancer treatment. Our Special Issue "Cancer Immunology" in the journal Cancers showcased cutting-edge research and reviews. Building on that success, this new Special Issue explores recent advancements, technologies, and future prospects in cancer immunology, pre-clinical assessments, and clinical trials. While immune checkpoint inhibitors have been transformative, addressing limited response remains crucial. Strategies to overcome resistance, such as combination therapies and targeted pathways, are discussed in the issue. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is an important area of immunotherapy, with exciting findings for enhancing CAR persistence and efficacy. Conventional treatments and monoclonal antibodies also activate immunological mechanisms, boosting cytotoxic efficacy against specific cancers. Identifying biomarkers associated with treatment response is vital for personalized canc

The “Digestive Enzymes in Health and Disease” Special Issue Reprint explores the diverse roles of digestive enzymes in physiological processes, their implications in disease mechanisms, and their therapeutic potential in clinical applications. Digestive enzymes are essential to maintaining metabolic homeostasis, aiding in nutrient digestion and absorption, and protecting against gastrointestinal dysfunction. Disruptions in digestive enzyme activity are associated with the development of disorders such as malabsorption syndromes and inflammatory bowel disease and metabolic conditions such as obesity and diabetes. Recent advances in the research field offer novel insights into the functions of these digestive enzymes, many of which include “extra-digestive” roles, paving the way for possible innovative therapeutic strategies. The Special Issue Reprint will thus deepen our understanding of digestive enzymes and their clinical relevance.

Vector-borne and zoonotic diseases in dogs and cats are widely distributed throughout the world; however, their epidemiology and etiology varies depending on the specific climatic conditions, as well as the presence and abundance of vectorial agents. Climatic and ecological changes and globalization are now affecting the distribution and patterns of transmission vectors and, as a consequence, have introduced etiological agents that can potentially affect dogs, cats, and their owners. On the other hand, the patterns of the classical clinical signs of these diseases are changing; thus, their diagnosis may be challenging. This Special Issue is focused on vector-borne agents and diseases affecting dogs and cats with potential zoonosis and aims to disseminate knowledge on the current status of vector-borne diseases all around the world. For the effective control and prevention of these diseases, a thorough knowledge of the infectious agents, their vectors, and major hosts is required in every ecological region at both the national and regional levels.

In recent years, researchers have shown a special interest in natural products as alternative methods for the prevention, treatment, and/or management of various skin illnesses and disorders, primarily due to their natural availability, efficacity, reduced cost, and minimal toxicity. In a similar vein, synthetic bioactives, as well as small molecules, have been studied in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical studies as potential drugs or supplements. This Special Issue of Nutrients comprises an array of literature reviews, original communications, and studies on the roles of natural products, synthetic bioactives, and small molecules in a variety of skin disorders and diseases, such as aging, atopic dermatitis, cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, melanoma, allergies, hyperpigmentation, inflammation, and more, which were investigated through in vitro and ex vivo approaches, preclinical trials, cell-based assays, and animal models. The mechanisms of action of certain compounds are proposed, while o

Significant research efforts are currently being undertaken in the field of natural and synthetic polymers for a range of biomedical applications. (Co)polymer molecular structure, topology, self-assemblies, biodegradation, and hydrophobicity are of biomaterial importance for intrinsically biocompatible polymer systems. This book is comprised of nine chapters, published previously as original research contributions of the Special Issue focused on advances in polymeric materials for biomedical applications. The authors of these contributions are predominantly from central European countries, Italy and the United Kingdom. The content of this book will be of interest to scientists, scholars and students working in this area of knowledge, reflecting the progress in the development of advanced natural and synthetic polymer biomaterials. Related Books Advanced Polymers for Biomedical Applications Chemistry & Materials Science Polymer Materials in Biomedical Application Biology & Life Scie

Oxidative stress has been associated with a number of complications, including infectious diseases, inflammatory complications, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, and various cancers. Natural plant-derived products have been used to treat these complications for thousands of years, without much understanding of the molecular mechanism(s) through which these compounds prevent or cure these human diseases. Furthermore, several antioxidants derived from various natural resources have been tested in the past, and it has been found that their effective antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties could benefit human health. Indeed, some currently available pharmaceutical drugs have been developed from compounds isolated from various plant species. Furthermore, multiple analogs of antioxidants are more potent than parent antioxidants. Although several pre-clinical studies indicate the beneficial effects of various antioxidants, some have never been tested in a clinical setting. Furthermore, novel functions of already-existing antioxidants and the identification of novel antioxidants with potential benefits to human health and disease still need to be explored. This Special Issue is dedicated to studies on various natural antioxidants and their possible analogs in preventing and treating various human diseases.

Antimicrobial resistance is currently considered one of the most important threats to global public health by the World Health Organization. Globally, multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (EDR) bacterial pathogens are spreading. Although the acquisition of resistance is a natural process, the misuse of antibiotics, inadequate surveillance, and the poorly controlled regulation of antibiotics in clinical medicine and in the livestock industry potentiate the rise and worldwide spread of MDR bacteria. Mortality caused by resistance to antibiotics is a major health problem, causing more than 33,000 deaths in Europe annually. Although this figure is already alarming, the number of deaths worldwide is predicted to increase to more than 10 million by 2050; however, predictions are difficult to make in this field. We should focus on new strategies, including those that are not only related to novel antimicrobial drugs but also those related to uncommon drug strategies, such as the use of bacteriophages, autovaccines, or personalized microbiota, and antimicrobial stewardship with updated guidelines.

Meat and meat products are among the most nutrient-dense food sources in the human diet. They fulfill most of our bodily requirements, acting as important sources of energy and a variety of essential nutrients needed for metabolic functions. Meat and meat products may also contain non-nutritive components, such as sodium, saturated fat, nitrites, heterocyclic aromatic amines, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are associated with negative health-related outcomes. Reprint “Nutritional Value of Meat and Meat Products and Their Role in Human Health” focuses on research related to the recent developments in the field of the nutritional value and health effects of meat and meat products. This reprint contains empirical studies and systematic reviews regarding the relationship between meat consumption and their association with nutrient intake and meeting nutrient recommendations. It covers the correlations between meat consumption and adverse health outcomes and concerns regarding the environmental and climate-related effects of animal-sourced food production.

The Special Issue “Feature Papers in Neglected and Emerging Tropical Disease” represents a collection of research and review papers covering numerous aspects of modern parasitology. The variety of research models (from dengue to neodermata) and experimental approaches (from computational in silico analyses to population studies) makes this collection truly unique. Related Books Beyond Borders Public Health & Healthcare ... Diagnosis, Characterization and Treatment of Emerging Pathogens Biology & Life Sciences Skin-Related Neglected Tropical Diseases (Skin-NTDs)—A New Challenge Public Health & Healthcare Diagnosis, Characterization and Treatment of Emerging Pathogens, Second Edition Biology & Life Sciences Neglected and Emerging Tropical Diseases in South and Southeast Asia and Northern Australia Public Health & Healthcare The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions

A large number of diseases affect salivary gland (SG) secretion through different mechanisms, leading to SG dysfunction and associated oral problems. The glands may suffer from viral, bacterial, and, albeit rarely, fungal infections, which may cause painful swelling or obstruction; they could also become the target of an autoimmune attack or may be affected by various benign and malignant tumors which consist of a heterogeneous group of lesions with complex clinical–pathological characteristics. The loss of normal SG function results in widespread deterioration of oral health. This book, entitled “Diseases of Salivary Glands”, provides an overview of recent advances in the field of SG disorders, focusing on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of SG diseases and on the most innovative investigation techniques that could help to preserve patients’ health, function, and quality of life. Related Books Diseases of the Salivary Glands—Part II Medicine & Pharma

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide a comprehensive overview of the processes of residential segregation and/or socio-economic integration of migrant populations in urban areas. The thirteen contributions included in this Special Issue examine urban contexts across diverse geographical areas. In particular, they focus on Southern European countries with a historical background of emigration — such as Greece, Italy, and Spain — as well as Central and Northern European countries like France and the United Kingdom that are characterized by a long-standing tradition of immigration. The Special Issue also features a contribution on Iran, a geographical context that has been rarely explored in this field of study, along with two papers focusing on the United States, a country with an extensive tradition of research on these topics. The findings underscore the importance of adopting a local-scale approach to measure and understand the complex and multidimensional phenomenon of foreign presence within the urban fabric. Consequently, they highlight the need to produce evidence that can support place-based policies aimed at promoting the local integration of migrants and strengthening social cohesion.

COVID-19 is the most prominent and rapidly evolving public health concern in the world currently. The gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 are increasingly being recognized. SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with the occurrence of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. SARS-CoV-2 has also been causing pancreatic and hepatic injury. Emerging data have shown that COVID-19 patients continue to shed the virus into their stools, even when patients test negative for COVID-19 in pulmonary secretions. However, the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of SARS-CoV-2-related gastrointestinal manifestations are poorly understood. The pandemic has also had a significant impact on gastroenterologists, endoscopists, and other ancillary staff. Moreover, in the past, systematic respiratory virus syndrome (SARS) was shown to be transmitted by endoscopes, which is a big concern with COVID-19, as it shares many pathological features with SARS. The deferral of elective endoscopic procedures

This book includes a collection of publications describing the molecular etiology of inherited diseases and conditions in companion animals (dogs and cats). In addition to contributing to the health of companion animals, this research also benefits humans that have similar types of diseases. Related Books The Molecular and Cellular Basis of Retinal Diseases Biology & Life Sciences Molecular Biomarkers In Cardiology Biology & Life Sciences ... Rare Monogenic Diseases: Molecular Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies Biology & Life Sciences Cytogenetics of Domestic Animals: Clinical, Molecular and Evolutionary Aspects Biology & Life Sciences Molecular Pathways in Cancers Medicine & Pharmacology The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: Book Series Reprints Book/Chapte

The present book, a reprint of the Molecules Special Issue "Insecticide, Acaricide, Repellent and Antimicrobial Development", presents key advances in the development of effective and eco-friendly insecticides, acaricides, repellents, and antimicrobials, including products of natural origin. Related Books Insecticides for Mosquito Control: Strengthening the Evidence Base Biology & Life Sciences ... Natural Compounds as Antimicrobial Agents, 2nd Edition Biology & Life Sciences Antimicrobial and Anti-infective Activity of Natural Products Biology & Life Sciences Antimicrobial and Anti-Infective Activity of Natural Products, 2nd Edition Biology & Life Sciences ... Antimicrobial Natural Products Biology & Life Sciences The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: Book

Oxidative stress is critical in degenerative retinal diseases. Antioxidants are considered to be potential therapeutics that can treat retinal diseases. Loss of retinal epithelium (RPE) is an important contributor to the degeneration of the retina. Dry AMD induces straight RPE cell degeneration, whereas the wet form causes neovascularization following RPE cell loss. Glaucoma induces progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon degeneration, resulting in RGC death and visual deficits. RPE cells are also important regulators in eye growth and thus are also susceptible to participating in retinal detachment in myopia. In diabetic retinopathy, the RPE barrier breaks, leading to vascular leakage. The retina is a thin layer in the posterior part of the eye that collects visual information and transfers it to the brain via the optic nerve. Retina consists of RPE cells, photoreceptor rods and cones, glial cells, and neuronal cells, including RGCs. RPE cells support homeostasis by performing a heterocycle of outer photoreceptor segments, enabling nutritional transport from the choroid and removing waste material into the choroid, for example. RPE degeneration leads to vision loss, and antioxidants could protect these cells against oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation, all important contributors to retinal degeneration. This Special Issue is a collection of studies related to cellular responses to oxidative stress and antioxidants in pre-clinical degenerative retinal eye disease research. It includes articles about different aspects of oxidative stress and antioxidants in degenerative retinal diseases.

Cultural competence has been acknowledged as an important set of skills and mindset for working effectively with diverse patients and for reducing social disparities in healthcare. In this Special Issue cultural competence was approached as an umbrella term and submissions relating to the whole spectrum of the concept were invited. Nine papers are published, 7 of which are research articles, 1 is a concept paper and 1 is a review, from authors from Spain, the UK, Germany, Denmark, Cyprus, France, Portugal, and Brazil. These 9 articles discuss a variety of concepts and aspects of cultural competence, such as cultural communication, cultural humility, diversity competence, and structural competence, and highlight the importance of cultural competence in healthcare and healthcare education, while opening new directions in research and policy making.   Related Books Mental Health Matters: From Cross-Cultural Perspectives Biology & Life Sciences Innovative Approaches for Safety Culture I

Metabolomics is increasingly being used to explore the dynamic responses of living systems in biochemical research. The complexity of the metabolome is outstanding, requiring the use of complementary analytical platforms and methods for its quantitative or qualitative profiling. In alignment with the selected analytical approach and the study aim, sample collection and preparation are critical steps that must be carefully selected and optimized to generate high-quality metabolomic data. This book showcases some of the most recent developments in the field of sample preparation for metabolomics studies. Novel technologies presented include electromembrane extraction of polar metabolites from plasma samples and guidelines for the preparation of biospecimens for the analysis with high-resolution μ magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-μMAS NMR). In the following chapters, the spotlight is on sample preparation approaches that have been optimized for diverse bioanalytical ap

The digital era has had a tremendous influence on adolescents and young people. People no longer distinguish their experience with the old categories: offline vs. online. Digital reality is the new reality. This equivalence affects psychological development, and this is a risk and vulnerability factor, with extreme potential consequences such as suicide or interpersonal violence. The psychopathologies associated with the widespread use of the Internet and digital devices, such as problematic Internet use, cyberchondria, online gambling, etc., are widely studied in the literature. However, as rapidly as new platforms, apps, or SNSs are released, so too are new psychological and psychopathological behaviors observed (digital body image, filter overuse, fear of missing out, influencer virality, risky challenges, bystander effect, etc.). This Special Issue of IJERPH welcomed scientific contributions that help to understand contemporary phenomena related to internet use in the adolescent mind. Studies may focus on aspects related to the self (identity, body image, ability to regulate emotions, metacognitive skills, coping, addictions, personality traits) as well as relational aspects (parasocial interactions, phubbing, sexting, ghosting, cyberviolence). These topics deserve further study, which should address the conceptualization of new phenomena and their possible prevention in terms of psychological and public health risks.

The contributions in this Reprint cover various aspects of application such as diagnosis, imaging, and assessing prognosis, collectively demonstrating the improvements in diagnostic accuracy and medical decision making that can be achieved by machine learning approaches

In 2020, the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 virus) led to the worst worldwide healthcare crisis of this century. Several publications regarding the pathogenesis and etiology of SARS-CoV-2 virus have enahnced our understanding of coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19), the condition provoked by SARS-CoV-2. Once the COVID-19 pandemic ended, clinicians and researchers were faced with the long-lasting consequences of this condition, namely the presence of symptoms persisting years after the main infection; this has been named long-COVID, or post-COVID-19 condition. In fact, it is estimated that millions of COVID-19 survivors will be long haulers. This Special Issue in the Journal of Clinical Medicine, entitled "Post-COVID Symptoms in Long-Haulers: Definition, Identification, Mechanisms, and Management-Part II”, focuses on the identification, underlying mechanisms, and mangement of long-COVID. The thirteen papers published in this Special Issue address heterogeneous topics such as risk factors, long-term prevalence data, the healthcare burden, medical co-morbidities, clinical trials concerning rehabilitation treatments, and data concerning children with long-COVID.

Humans and animals are continuously exposed to different unwanted actions of compounds, including mycotoxins present in food, water, and air. The presence of mycotoxins is a reason for different disease states or tissue and organism dysfunction. New work should facilitate a more accurate description of the degree of species sensitivity and more efficient dietary management, using environmental influences to improve plant material and animal health quality during primary production. On the other hand, better knowledge of the different forms of enzymes participating in mycotoxin biotransformation would enable more efficient preventive and therapeutic actions in many disease states in which the aetiology was not fully understood until now. Related Books Mycotoxins Occurence in Feed and Their Influence on Animal Health Biology & Life Sciences ... The Effects of Mycotoxins on Human and Animal Health—a Special Focus on the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Mycotoxin Toxici

The Special Issue “Placental Related Disorders of Pregnancy” was edited by Dr Hiten D. Mistry, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Health Sciences, King's College London, London, UK and Dr Eun D. Lee, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, USA. Related Books Pathogenesis of Pregnancy-Related Complication Biology & Life Sciences Physiology and Pathophysiology of Placenta Biology & Life Sciences Update on Diagnosis and Management of Preeclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction Medicine & Pharmacology Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Pregnancy Complications Medicine & Pharmacology Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Preeclampsia Biology & Life Sciences ... The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexi

Nanostructured zinc oxide materials are capturing a great deal of interest thanks to their outstanding and multifunctional properties, enabling broad series of intervention in the field of nanomedicine. ZnO can be easily prepared in a broad variety of shapes and shows anticancer and antimicrobial properties that are of interest for tissue engineering, controlled delivery of therapeutics, and even theranostics. This book is thus dedicated to the most recent advances in the field, presented as a collection of research papers and reviews. It spans from the synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanomaterials to their applications in the nanomedicine field, ranging from anticancer nanotherapeutics to dental implants and antibacterial agents. Related Books Novel ZnO-Based Nanostructures Chemistry & Materials Science ZnO and TiO2 Based Nanostructures Chemistry & Materials Science Zinc Oxide Nanostructures: Synthesis and Characterization Chemistry & Materials Science ZnO Nanowires: Growth, Pr

The aim of this Special Issue is to collect reports regarding all the recent strategies, directed at the improvement of antineoplastic activity of drugs in cancer progression, engaging all the expertise needed for the development of new anticancer drugs: medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, molecular biology, and computational and drug delivery studies. Related Books Recent Advances of Novel Pharmaceutical Designs for Anti-cancer Therapies Biology & Life Sciences Anticancer Drugs 2021 Chemistry & Materials Science Anticancer Drugs Medicine & Pharmacology Anticancer Drugs Activity and Underlying Mechanisms Biology & Life Sciences ... Novel Anticancer Strategies Medicine & Pharmacology The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: Book Series Reprints Book/Chapter Proc