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This Reprint provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of vitreoretinal diseases, their clinical features, and the latest progress in diagnosis and treatment. Vitreoretinal diseases encompass a wide spectrum of ocular conditions affecting the vitreous, retina, and surrounding structures, posing major challenges for both patients and clinicians. The articles in this collection address the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and risk factors of disorders such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, and vitreomacular traction. Contributing authors highlight new diagnostic tools that enable earlier and more accurate detection of these conditions. Emphasizing innovative therapeutic and surgical strategies, this Reprint discusses advances in intravitreal injections, laser photocoagulation, vitrectomy, and emerging pharmacological approaches, with attention to their efficacy and safety. By gathering contributions from leading experts, this Reprint serves as a valuable reference for ophthalmologists, optometrists, and researchers. It aims to enhance understanding, promote timely diagnosis, and improve patient management and visual outcomes in vitreoretinal diseases.

In 2020, the world was shaken by a very unexpected development, an unseen virus which could kill millions and spread without control. To reduce the impact of the pandemic and before the vaccine was created, lockdown and other safety measures were implemented. In this context, the socio-economic burden of the disease was, in our opinion, a major issue because we always considered that COVID-19 would have a hard impact on human beings and that that impact would be the most prominent effect of the pandemic. In consequence, when designing this Special Issue, we hoped to receive papers with "tales from the field" that would describe the mentioned socio-economic burden. Therefore, it was deeply rewarding to receive so many contributions of very good quality that ended up composing the Special Issue that is reprinted here. We sincerely thank all the authors and reviewers for the work they produced and we congratulate them for their success.  We believe that this reprint of the Special Issue contributes to the understanding of the major consequences of COVID-19 in society. Crucially, the reprint includes papers on global perspectives but also national cases and also sector-specific cases.  Finally, we hope the legacy of this volume will be long-lasting and that the papers it contains will be quoted and cited for many years to come.

Based on this evidence, a deep understanding of the immunological status and biological targets modulating immunological microenvironments should be quite informative for the development of future immunotherapy in HCC. From this point of view, this Special Issue will highlight the current state of the art in the immunotherapy of HCC from both the basic and clinical perspectives, and outline future perspectives for improving therapies. Related Books Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatocellular Tumors Biology & Life Sciences Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Resistance Medicine & Pharmacology Cancer Immunology Biology & Life Sciences Challenges and Opportunities for Effective Cancer Immunotherapies Medicine & Pharmacology New Therapies of Liver Diseases Medicine & Pharmacology The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and De

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, and although it is usually considered as a disorder that only affects movement, a broad spectrum of non-motor symptoms (NMSs) can be observed in PD patients. Although the realities of the disease vary enormously from patient to patient, almost all of them have one or more NMS. In fact, a wide range of behavioural, neuropsychiatric, and physical symptoms frequently play a primary role in managing the disorder and constitute a major disease burden for patients and caregivers. The current reprint includes a compilation of published articles about NMSs in Parkinson’s disease and potential treatment strategies. Related Books The Molecular and Cellular Basis for Parkinson's Disease Biology & Life Sciences Neurobiology Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders Biology & Life Sciences ... Parkinson's Disease: Genetics and Pathogenesis Biology & Life Sciences Clinical Management of Movement Disorders Public Health

Cybercrime is increasingly exposing the health domain to growing risk. The push towards a strong connection of citizens to health services, through digitalization, has undisputed advantages. Digital health allows remote care, the use of medical devices with a high mechatronic and IT content with strong automation, and a large interconnection of hospital networks with an increasingly effective exchange of data. However, all this requires a great cybersecurity commitment—a commitment that must start with scholars in research and then reach the stakeholders. New devices and technological solutions are increasingly breaking into healthcare, and are able to change the processes of interaction in the health domain. This requires cybersecurity to become a vital part of patient safety through changes in human behaviour, technology, and processes, as part of a complete solution. All professionals involved in cybersecurity in the health domain were invited to contribute with their experiences.

In recent years, researchers have shown a special interest in the role of signaling pathways as disease molecular targets and capitalized on such pathways to derive natural products, biologics, and synthetic scaffold-based prevention and treatments. These can lead to naturally available, efficacious, low-cost, and minimally toxic long-term therapies for human diseases. This Special Issue of Cells comprises an array of literature reviews, original communications, and studies on the roles of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and associated pathways in a diversity of pathways using in vitro cell-based assays and preclinical animal models. The authors of the papers also explore technologies designed to improve the bioavailability and delivery of certain compounds. In lieu of ongoing research on a variety of human disorders, the wealth of information published in this Special Issue can act as a springboard for the identification of novel disease targets and the development of new preventive and therapeutic modalities for the management of human diseases.

The Healthy Ageing Challenge aims for people to enjoy at least five extra healthy independent years of life by 2035 while narrowing the gap between the experiences of the richest and poorest. Regular physical activity is important for healthy ageing, not only for maintaining health in midlife but also for maintaining health, independence, and quality of life as people become older. Global physical activity guidelines highlight the benefits and importance of helping adults to adopt and maintain regular physical activity participation throughout the course of life and not only in later life, and interventions and activities that support this aspiration are so important. As experienced researchers, Professor Andy Pringle and Dr Nicky Kime's text, Interventions to Promote Physical Activity and Healthy Ageing, features contributions reporting the impact and implementation of physical activity interventions for adults and older adults, as well as the experiences of performing research and evaluation in this context in a diverse range of projects.

Since first receiving approval in 1986, antibody-based therapeutics have been the most successful modality for the treatment of various diseases. This Special Issue of IJMS, “Recent Advances in Antibody Therapeutics”, presents leading-edge articles and reviews for discovery, development, and clinical applications of therapeutic antibodies, covering antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), GPCR-targeting antibodies, a functional antibody screening, bioassay of bispecific antibodies, antibody applications for cardiovascular diseases, antibody delivery to CNS, etc. The excellent studies in this Special Issue would valuable insight for scientists and clinicians in the field of therapeutic antibodies   Related Books Toxin and Immunotoxin Based Therapeutic Approaches Biology & Life Sciences ... Emerging Antibody Engineering Strategies and Applications for Immunotherapy of Cancer Biology & Life Sciences Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody Products, Their Optimization and Drug Design in

Dear Readers, Understanding the pathological mechanisms involved in human diseases and their possible treatment has been historically based on comparative analysis of diverse animal species that share a similar genetic, physiological and behavioural composition. The ancient Greeks were the first to use animals as models for anatomy and physiology, and this was consequently adopted by other cultures and led to important discoveries. In recent years, there have been many efforts to understand and fight cancer through new revolutionary personalized treatments and wider screenings that help diagnose and treat cancer. A fundamental part of this effort is to develop suitable cancer animal models that simulate the different disease variants and their progression. Ranging from tumor-derived xenografts to genetically engineered models, a wide variety of systems are applied for this purpose, and many technological breakthroughs are changing the way cancer is studied and analyzed. In this Sp

Biomedical imaging has arguably demonstrated the most rapid advancements in the entire biomedical field in the recent decade. Besides the expansion of established imaging instrumentation into broader applications in tissue, cellular, and molecular diagnostic imaging, there have been substantial modifications in the imaging protocols that have progressed the capabilities of these existing imaging modalities. Technological advancements are stimulating further novel approaches in diagnosis and in the measurement, as well as monitoring, of treatment outcomes. The adaptation of innovations in imaging technologies, methods, and protocols for broader applications is often limited by the inability to share them with investigators outside their original field. Therefore, it is crucial to facilitate the sharing of such advances in biomedical imaging that occur in a particular field with other areas. A broader vision exploring the full potential of an innovation often requires adding a new, per

Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest global health challenges of the twenty-first century, affecting human, animal, and environmental health and threatening modern medicine. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance are driven by complex interactions among clinical settings, agricultural systems, food production, wildlife, environmental reservoirs, and human activities. Understanding antibiotic resistance thus requires an integrated One Health perspective that considers the interconnectedness of these sectors. This Reprint presents recent advances in antibiotic resistance research across environmental, agricultural, nutritional, veterinary, and clinical contexts. Key topics include the ecology of resistance genes and resistant microorganisms, the role of microbiomes and resistomes as resistance reservoirs, horizontal gene transfer, the impact of contaminants such as heavy metals and biocides, and the contribution of human activities to resistance dissemination. This Reprint also covers innovative surveillance strategies, molecular and omics-based approaches, risk assessment frameworks, and interventions to mitigate resistance spread across ecosystems. By integrating multidisciplinary perspectives, this Reprint highlights current challenges and emerging opportunities for addressing antibiotic resistance through collaborative research, evidence-based policies, and sustainable practices. It offers an updated overview of resistance mechanisms, drivers, and consequences, reinforcing the importance of One Health approaches for safeguarding public, animal, and environmental health.

The global rise in life expectancy has brought increased attention to age-related health challenges, particularly those associated with oxidative stress. As a result, bioactive compounds have emerged as key components in the promotion of health and the prevention of chronic diseases. Numerous epidemiological studies suggest that a diet rich in antioxidant bioactive compounds can have beneficial effects on human health, potentially reducing the risk of diseases linked to oxidative stress, metabolic imbalance, and age-related functional decline. The current Reprint Edition of the Special Issue focuses on several key areas: the extraction, purification, and structural elucidation of novel bioactive compounds from natural sources; the characterization of these compounds for potential use in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical applications; and the investigation of their metabolic pathways and biological activities using advanced analytical techniques, including metabolomics. These studies contribute to a deeper understanding of how bioactive compounds support health and help mitigate the effects of aging and disease.

Bone defects caused by trauma, tumor, infection and a variety of congenital diseases are among the most common orthopedic disorders, and the clinical management of non-union bone defects is still a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. In recent years, bone implants based on metals, ceramics, and polymers have been widely utilized and helped millions of patients. However, the rapid growth of the elderly demographic has tremendously intensified the occurrence of bone trauma cases, requiring once again the further development of effective strategies for bone reconstruction and regeneration. Therefore, the development of scaffolds and implants with new compositions, three-dimensional configurations, proper mechanical properties, and particular interactions with cells is highly expected. These new biomaterials may effectively promote bone regeneration and thus have a significant impact on individual patients and health care systems. In this Special Issue, we would like to present an innovative perspective on the scaffolds and implants for bone regeneration. Topics will include but not be limited to, the following: scaffold design and fabrication; biocompatibility and biodegradability; host response to implants; cell–scaffold interactions; and scaffold-based drug delivery. Both original research articles and reviews are very welcome.

In this Special Issue, authors from nine countries on five continents provide overviews on and insights into current research topics related to the ‘Genetic Complexity of Hormone-Sensitive Cancers’. The chapters cover topics on completely novel technologies and instruments revolutionizing our view of biological entities, and also, novel extensions and revisions of existing and well-established technologies such as genetic probes and bar-coding techniques, which add a new dimension to microscopy, as they allow us to visualize DNA sequences and mRNA in situ. With this Special Issue, the editors wanted to create a forum for the international biomedical research community to compile their data on the genetic complexity of cancer in a unique resource. While this collection of articles cannot certainly claim completeness in any way, it represents an attractive collection of the different aspects of hormone-dependent cancers and will hopefully encourage further targeted research. Related B

Disasters such as earthquakes, cyclones, floods, heat waves, nuclear accidents, and large-scale pollution incidents take lives and incur major health problems. The majority of large-scale disasters affect the most vulnerable populations, which often comprise extreme ages, remote living areas, and endemic poverty, as well as people with low literacy. Health emergency and disaster risk management (Health-EDRM) refers to the systematic analysis and management of health risks surrounding emergencies and disasters, and plays an important role in reducing the hazards and vulnerability along with extending preparedness, responses, and recovery measures. This concept encompasses risk analyses and interventions, such as accessible early warning systems, the timely deployment of relief workers, and the provision of suitable drugs and medical equipment to decrease the impact of disasters on people before, during, and after an event (or events). Currently, there is a major gap in the scientific

Over the years, the development of several brain imaging techniques has provided new tools for capturing information about the structure and functions of the brain, which have proven useful in different fields, such as neurosurgery, neurology, and cognitive science. In particular, electroencephalography (EEG) has become a powerful instrument successfully employed in both clinical applications and cognitive neuroscience, since it is a non-invasive, easy-to-use, portable, and relatively low-cost tool. EEG is used for detecting and classifying a spectrum of neurological disorders, including epilepsy, sleep disorders, traumatic brain injuries, psychiatric conditions, and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. In summary, the processing and analyzing of EEG signals can be conveniently exploited to detect abnormalities in the case of a pathological state and improve the early diagnosis of brain diseases. This reprint contains studies regarding the application of EEG signal analysis in disease diagnosis, covering different processing methods and several neurological disorders (Parkinson’s disease, stroke, epilepsy, and sleep disorders).

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem with extremely complex epidemiology involving the direct and indirect transmission of antibiotic resistant pathogens and mobile genetic elements between humans, animals, and the environment. AMR is, therefore, recognized as a ‘One Health’ issue. Data that describe AMR prevalence and trends are required to enable the judicious and prudent use of antimicrobials in animals, which has implications both from veterinary and animal welfare aspects as well as from a zoonotic and public health perspective. Horses are a potential reservoir of AMR for humans due to close human–animal contact, as was demonstrated with shared human and horse methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains causing outbreaks in equine hospitals. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, considered as clinically and economically important to the AMR burden in human and veterinary medicine, has been reported in both community and clinic

This special issue of Pathogens aims to provide an overview of the latest scientific advances in the study and control of Chagas disease, a major health problem in Latin America. Key contributions from basic research, applied research, and public health measures are highlighted. The prominent contribution of Latin American scientists is emphasized by the selection of contributors.

This book contains a suite of original articles, case reports, and review articles on various aspects of travel medicine ranging from refugee and immigrant health to mass gathering medicine. It contains articles on infectious and environmental hazards of travel. Related Books Travel Medicine - Series Ⅰ Public Health & Healthcare ... Feature Papers in Neglected and Emerging Tropical Disease Biology & Life Sciences Migration and Global Health Biology & Life Sciences Translational Research for Zoonotic Parasites: New Findings toward Improved Diagnostics, Therapy and Prevention Biology & Life Sciences Beyond Borders Public Health & Healthcare ... The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: Book Series Reprints Book/Chapter Processing Charges Pay an Invoice Open Acces

Based on their potent antioxidant properties, the possible exploitation of natural phenolic compounds as food supplements as well as functional ingredients in the food and cosmetic industry is gaining more and more attention. This book contains original research articles and a review reporting innovative applications of natural phenolic compounds in the field of nutrition and biomedicine, as active ingredients for the prevention of oxidative-stress-related diseases, and as additives in smart food packaging, biomedical devices, and cosmetic products. The growing importance of agri-food wastes as easily accessible sources of phenolic compounds as well as of synthetic derivatives of natural compounds with improved antioxidant properties is also highlighted. Finally, novel technologies to improve extraction yields, stability, bioavailability, and delivery of antioxidant compounds for healthcare products or for skin applications are described. Related Books Phenolic Compounds: Extraction,

Salt (NaCl) is a key component of the human diet because it provides the sodium ion (Na+), an essential mineral for our body. Na+ regulates extracellular fluid volume and plays a key role in many physiological processes, such as the generation of nerve impulses. Na+ is lost continuously through the kidneys, intestine, and sweating. Thus, to maintain proper bodily balance, losses have to be balanced with foods containing this cation. The need for salt explains our ability to detect Na+ in foodstuffs: Na+ elicits a specific taste sensation called “salty”, and gustatory sensitivity to this cation is crucial for regulating its intake. Indeed, the widespread use of salt in food products for flavoring and to improve their palatability exploits our sense of taste for Na+. When consumed in excess, however, salt might be detrimental to health because it may determine an increase in blood pressure—a major risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases. Understanding how salt taste works and how i

This Reprint compiles a series of expertly crafted chapters originally published in the Special Issue of the journal Pathogens by MDPI, offering a comprehensive exploration of various aspects of parasitic diseases in fish. The volume spans a broad spectrum of parasitic groups, including protozoans, dinoflagellates, myxozoans, trematodes, copepods, and leeches, providing in-depth analyses of each group’s unique challenges and the latest research findings. Readers will gain valuable insights into the identification of specific parasites, the intricate dynamics of host–parasite interactions, and the cutting-edge molecular techniques used to unravel these complex relationships. Beyond the biological and ecological aspects, the Reprint also addresses the impact of environmental factors on parasitic infections, offering a holistic perspective on disease management in aquaculture. It highlights innovative approaches, including molecular biology and phytotherapy, aimed at mitigating the effects of parasitic diseases and enhancing fish health. Authored by leading experts in the field, this volume serves as an indispensable resource for researchers, educators, and professionals involved in fish health management. The diverse studies presented in this Reprint not only advance the understanding of parasitic diseases in fish but also provide practical strategies for controlling these diseases, thereby contributing to the sustainability of aquaculture and fishery industries worldwide. Whether used as a reference or as a guide for further research, this Reprint is a valuable addition to the scientific literature on fish health.

The search for dietary patterns or food bioactive derivatives that may serve as a panacea for health issues has been a topic of interest for several millennia. It is not surprising that this trend in food research is continuing today particularly in relation to brain and cardiometabolic health, given the huge burden they pose on human health, with no geographical boundaries. Currently, there is an increasing demand for ‘pure’ and ‘clean’ foods as well as potent bioactive ingredients that can promote beneficial health outcomes. Several studies, including in vitro investigations, clinical trials, and observational studies related to food and nutritional patterns have already identified, proposed, and in some cases challenged the mechanisms of action of these foods and food ingredients. The book “Food bioactives and impact on brain and cardiometabolic health findings from in vitro to human studies” has gathered innovative, high-quality research manuscripts (letters to the editor, origi

This reprint, titled Nanocarriers-Based Antimicrobial Drug Delivery, presents original research on the topic of enhancing antimicrobial activity through drug conjugation to inorganic nanoparticles and nanosization for applications across various fields, including dental and dermatological care. This reprint also examines a range of polymeric and inorganic nanocarrier formulations aimed at enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of established antimicrobial agents such as gentamicin and amphotericin.