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This Special Issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology explored the current knowledge and innovative concepts regarding preclinical and clinical research into stroke mechanisms, prevention, and treatment and provided a critical overview of the underlying factors involved in stroke-related brain injury, especially the role of cell signaling in excitotoxicity, inflammation, apoptosis, and the newly described types of cell death such as ferroptosis and their potential treatment. Gene and protein expression profiles after stroke and neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and neuroplasticity are other important features in stroke and should lead to the better understanding of the pathophysiology of acute stroke.

This reprint includes a total of 10 articles aiming to provide recent or overall study results to investigate the effects of dioxins on human health, focusing on children and adults exposed to historical and/or present pollution in Vietnam. In particular, epidemiological studies of Vietnamese children living in hot spots of dioxin contamination were performed after more than 40 years since the Vietnam War ended, but significantly, high exposure levels and health effects were still significant in all articles. In addition, the research methods of these articles are innovative and use advanced technologies such as MRI imaging analysis and eye-tracking. Another original article is a study showing the usefulness of coupling environmental whole-mixture toxicity screening with unbiased RNA-seq using biological responses in Danio rerio (zebrafish) in contaminated aquatic environments. Although there are very few publications that show the study results to investigate cancer incidence in the

The Special Issue "In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Colorectal Cancer for Clinical Application", edited by Marta Baiocchi and Ann Zeuner for Cancers, collects original research papers and reviews, depicting the current state and the perspectives of CRC models for preclinical and translational research. Original research papers published in this issue focus on some of the hottest topics in CRC research, such as circulating tumor cells, epigenetic regulation of stemness states, new therapeutic targets, molecular CRC classification and experimental CRC models such as organoids and PDXs. Additionally, four reviews on CRC stem cells, immunotherapy and drug discovery provide an updated viewpoint on key topics linking benchtop to bedside research in CRC. Related Books Molecular Biology of Colorectal Cancers Biology & Life Sciences ... Colorectal Cancers: From Present Problems to Future Solutions Biology & Life Sciences Therapeutic Landscapes in Colorectal Carcinoma Biology & Life Sciences Cl

Cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of death worldwide, in which genetic and environmental factors seem to play a determinant role. In fact, several lifestyle (i.e., dietary, physical inactivity) factors and nutritional-related diseases (i.e., obesity, type 2 diabetes) are strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, genome-wide association studies have also identified numerous genomic loci that determine susceptibility to cardiovascular events. Therefore, nutrition and genetics seem to interact in predisposing an individual to cardiovascular diseases. This book provides a presentation of recent advances in knowledge on nutrition, genetics, and cardiovascular disease coming from diverse scientific disciplines. Related Books Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health Biology & Life Sciences The Effect of Diet on Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Disease and Blood Vessels Public Health & Healthcare ... Nutrition, Exercise, and End-of-Life Discussion in the Cardiovascular Fie

This Special Issue is conceived as a forum for basic, translational, and clinical research related to cell directional motility mechanisms and tumor cell migration. Under such a generic umbrella, basic researchers in biology, systems biology, and other quantitative sciences, as well as in physiology and pharmacology, will have the opportunity to join clinical specialties in medical oncology, biochemistry, immunology, and pathology. Such unique convergence of disciplines will enrich the panorama of a central characteristic of malignant tumors' cell motility. Related Books Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Development and Metastasis Biology & Life Sciences Metabolic Alterations in Cancer Biology & Life Sciences Biomarkers of Tumor Metastasis and Invasiveness Medicine & Pharmacology Molecules at Play in Cancer Biology & Life Sciences Molecular Biology of Colorectal Cancers Biology & Life Sciences ... The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Ad

The maintenance of optimal musculoskeletal health is increasingly recognized as a key element for promoting overall health and fostering independent living in advanced age. Growing evidence indicates that nutrition, together with an active lifestyle, plays a central role in supporting musculoskeletal health both aging and in the setting of specific disease conditions. This Special Issue of Nutrients, entitled “Nutrition for Musculoskeletal Health”, includes original research and review contributions highlighting the relevance of nutrition to musculoskeletal health during aging and in the context of specific diseases. The overarching theme of the Special Issue is addressed through a multidisciplinary set of articles embracing clinical, basic science, and translational studies. Related Books Dietary Factors in Bone Health Biology & Life Sciences Biomarkers and Nutrients in Musculoskeletal Disorders Public Health & Healthcare Nutrition and Women Bone Health Biology & Life Sciences Diet

This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Gels (ISSN 2310-2861). This reprint focuses on the modification of hydrogels and their applications in biomedical engineering, aiming to provide a reference for scholars in related fields. It mainly involves the applications of hydrogels in biomedical fields such as phantoms, wound healing, skin, cartilage, muscle, and drug loading. We believe this reprint can provide a valuable reference for scientific and technological workers in the fields of materials science, tissue engineering, biological manufacturing, biomedical engineering, and so on. Related Books Current Directions and Prospects of Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications Chemistry & Materials Science Hydrogels in Regenerative Medicine and Other Biomedical Applications Biology & Life Sciences Gel-Based Materials for Biomedical Engineering Biology & Life Sciences ... Design of Polymeric Hydrogels Biomaterials Chemistry & Materials

Following the implementation of next-generation sequencing technologies (e.g., exome and genome sequencing) in molecular diagnostics, the majority of genetic defects underlying inherited retinal disease (IRD) can readily be identified. In parallel, opportunities to counteract the molecular consequences of these defects are rapidly emerging, providing hope for personalized medicine. ‘Classical’ gene augmentation therapy has been under study for several genetic subtypes of IRD and can be considered a safe and sometimes effective therapeutic strategy. The recent market approval of the first retinal gene augmentation therapy product (LuxturnaTM, for individuals with bi-allelic RPE65 mutations) by the FDA has not only demonstrated the potential of this specific approach, but also opened avenues for the development of other strategies. However, every gene—or even every mutation—may need a tailor-made therapeutic approach, in order to obtain the most efficacious strategy with minimal risks a

This Special Issue gathers a wide range of investigations that focus on mental health promotion activities and initiatives for refugees and other culturally and/or linguistically diverse migrant populations. Related Books Refugee, Migrant and Ethnic Minority Health Public Health & Healthcare Mental Health Promotion and Illness Prevention in Vulnerable Populations Biology & Life Sciences Mental Health Matters: From Cross-Cultural Perspectives Biology & Life Sciences Migration, Resilience, Vulnerability and Migrants’ Health Public Health & Healthcare Prevention and Treatment of Medical Diseases in Vulnerable Populations Biology & Life Sciences The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: Book Series Reprints Book/Chapter Processing Charges Pay an Invoice Open Access

This reprint describes recent advances made in the field of antifungal development, especially the discovery of new drugs and drug repurposing. The articles presented in this book provide useful information and insight for the development of new antifungal drugs or intervention strategies. The identification of new, safe molecules, and cellular targets, as well as the elucidation of their antifungal mechanisms of action, will further the effective control of fungal pathogens, especially those resistant to current therapeutic agents. Related Books Multidrug-Resistant Fungi Biology & Life Sciences Recent Advances in the Discovery of Novel Drugs on Natural Molecules Biology & Life Sciences Novel Antibacterial Agents Biology & Life Sciences Antifungal and Antiparasitic Drug Delivery Medicine & Pharmacology ... In Silico Strategies for Prospective Drug Repositionings Medicine & Pharmacology The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Bo

Given that international and national agendas determine as priorities prevention and early intervention to mitigate the impact of mental health problems, it is critical to screen and identify groups at risk of mental and behavioural disorders, as well as promote mental health and socio-emotional well-being of individuals throughout life (e.g., children, adolescents, adults, elderly people, and other vulnerable groups). This Special Issue of Healthcare, entitled “Mental Health Promotion and Illness Prevention in Vulnerable Populations”, welcomed original contributions of relevance to this area of research from different settings, cultural backgrounds, and academic disciplines in order to address groups at risk for mental disorders. Related Books Prevention and Treatment of Medical Diseases in Vulnerable Populations Biology & Life Sciences Promoting Behavioral Change to Improve Health Outcomes Public Health & Healthcare Mental Health Promotion for Refugees and Other Culturally and/or

Antimicrobial edible coatings for whole or fresh-cut fruits and vegetables based on natural biopolymers that serve as carriers of antimicrobial agents or that are inherently antimicrobial, such as chitosan, are increasingly gaining interest from researchers and industry due to their potential to maintain quality and safety. Additionally, edible coatings can also function as a barrier to water vapors and gases, regulating physiological aspects in fruit. Despite the substantial research progress in antimicrobial edible coatings for fresh and fresh-cut fruits and vegetables, the development of tailor-made solutions according to specific commercialization needs still represents a technological challenge due to important physical, physiological, and biochemical differences among the wide variety of fresh horticultural commodities. The development of edible films and coatings with antimicrobial activity requires knowledge of the chemical bases to develop optimized edible coating formulatio

This reprint considers a wide variety of topics concerning molecular and clinical advances in understanding early mammalian embryo development. The authors of various chapters of this book examine oocyte biology, preimplantation embryo development, blastocyst implantation in the uterus, and second cellular lineage differentiation. In addition, epigenetic contributions to reproduction, which may occur throughout pregnancy and in resultant offspring, are also considered. Environmentally induced epigenetic changes in germ cells can render mammalian offspring less healthy, and these changes can be difficult to reverse. Included in these changes are those caused by assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). It remains to be determined whether the healthiest preimplantation embryos develop in vitro in conditions that mimic the physiological environment in vivo or whether simpler conditions can also foster this development in vitro. In this regard, a number of advances as well as challenges

This Special Issue published one editorial, eight articles and four reviews from approximately one hundred authors. It aimed to provide cutting-edge research on pre-clinical development and the clinical translation of radiopharmaceuticals within the molecular imaging community. The Special Issue covered radioligand development, existing radiotracer optimization, imaging agent evaluation in animal models, the clinical production of radiopharmaceuticals, and investigative research on the use of molecular imaging probes in human subjects. We appreciate all the authors’ significant contributions to this Special Issue and hope the readers will enjoy the content. Related Books Preparation of Radiopharmaceuticals and Their Use in Drug Development Chemistry & Materials Science Radiopharmaceuticals Chemistry & Materials Science Targets, Tracers and Translation – Novel Radiopharmaceuticals Boost Nuclear Medicine Medicine & Pharmacology Radiopharmaceuticals for PET Imaging - Issue A Medicine &

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and it represents a persistent public health threat for a number of complex biological and sociological reasons. According to the most recent Global Tuberculosis Report (2019) edited by the World Health Organization (WHO), TB is considered the ninth cause of death worldwide and the leading cause of mortality by a single infectious agent, with the highest rate of infections and death toll rate mostly concentrated in developing and low-income countries. We present here the editorial section to the Special Issue entitled “Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis, Infection Prevention and Treatment” that includes 7 research articles and a review. The scientific contributions included in the Special Issue mainly focus on the characterization of MTB strains emerging in TB endemic countries as well as on multiple mechanisms adopted by the bacteria to resist and to adapt to antitubercular therap

New approaches to deal with the growing concern associated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria are in great demand. For many years, antibiotics have widely been employed to treat infections. However, their excessive consumption and misuse have accelerated the rise of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, which constitute a major challenge to global health. The antibiotic crisis is now a general concern; therefore, alternative biomolecules or drug delivery systems to treat infections are urgently needed. From natural extracts to traditional medicine remedies, to newly engineered nanocapsules and nanoparticles, to bio-based, biodegradable delivery platforms, many systems to fight infections are explored in this book. Related Books Hospital Acquired Infections, Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria, Alternative Approaches to Antibiotic Therapy Medicine & Pharmacology Design and Synthesis of Novel Antibiotics Biology & Life Sciences ... Functional Polymers as Innovative Tools in the Delivery

Intelligent medicine and health care are flourishing due to the integration of interdisciplinary factors, including artificial intelligence, electrophysiology, signal processing, medical imaging, complex theory, electronics, and clinics. We are entering an era in which multidimensional and big data play important roles in developing applications for medicine and health care. There are many state-of-the-art technologies and applications that address advanced data analysis and learning, embedded artificial intelligence, clinical decision support, ubiquitous patient monitoring, and rehabilitation. This Special Issue collected 10 recent studies on emerging interdisciplinary methods, techniques, and systems for intelligent medicine and health care. Related Books Advances in AI for Health and Medical Applications Public Health & Healthcare ... The Future of Healthcare Computer Science & Mathematics ... Computational Intelligence in Healthcare Public Health & Healthcare ... The Future of H

The scope of the Special Issue is research and reviews on evaluations of current practice, innovations in medication management, developments in therapeutics, and pharmaceutical science research that informs and improves practice and administration, as well as the social and administrative pharmacy. We will mainly feature original research, reviews, short reports, and clinical studies, but also case reports, descriptive/how-to, and commentary submissions for consideration. Related Books Pharmacy Practice and Administration 2.0 Public Health & Healthcare Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy of Antimicrobial Agents Biology & Life Sciences Communication in Pharmacy Practice Public Health & Healthcare Research Topics in Medicines and How Our Board Members Are Engaged in Them Biology & Life Sciences ... Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacokinetics-Based Individualization of Drug Therapy Medicine & Pharmacology ... The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: Ab

Colorectal cancer (CRC) was one of the first tumors in which the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis were investigated and confirmed. We now recognize that tumors appearing identical under microscopic examination exhibit molecular differences, and this explains the diverse patient outcomes commonly encountered in clinical practice. Despite their similar appearance, cancers are inherently distinct. However, even in the era of molecular medicine and targeted therapies, the majority of patients with metastatic CRC ultimately succumb to the disease, experiencing a diminished quality of life and a significant number of years of potential life lost. This is especially true as younger individuals increasingly fall victim to this illness. Much remains to be understood regarding the mechanisms contributing to the carcinogenesis and temporal evolution of CRC. This Special Issue is dedicated to recent research exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC, encompassing multi-omics analys

This Reprint presents an integrated and contemporary overview of natural photosensitizers and their applications in photodynamic therapy. It brings together experimental, mechanistic, and translational studies that demonstrate how plant-derived and microbial chromophores can be harnessed to produce cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory effects upon controlled light activation. This Reprint highlights advances in molecular photobiology, photophysical characterization, and cellular responses, as well as innovations in nanoformulations that improve solubility, stability, and therapeutic selectivity. Particular attention is given to antimicrobial resistance, oncologic applications, and neglected diseases in which photodynamic therapy offers accessible and minimally invasive alternatives. By combining fundamental science with clinically relevant perspectives, this Reprint provides a comprehensive synthesis of current progress and emerging directions in the development of natural photosensitizers for modern photodynamic therapy.

Botulinum toxin was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2011 for neurogenic bladder and in 2013 for idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB). In this Special Issue, we address the question of where we stand with this therapy a decade later. Has it prevailed and been proven useful? Which techniques have become established, and how were they optimized? Are more practical ways of distribution on the way? What acceptance problems or obstacles to long-term use might exist among patients or doctors? What are the risks? Has the therapy gained a foothold in the outpatient sector?

Nutraceuticals are products derived from food sources with health benefits in addition to their basic nutritional values. Many of them can positively affect and enhance the immune system, which is particularly pertinent in the current turbulent times of COVID-19. Not surprisingly, nutraceutical sales rose dramatically during the pandemic period. However, much research is still needed to understand how natural products interact with the immune system to clarify their chemical compositions, mechanisms of action, and effects on health and illnesses. This Special Issue provided an open forum for researchers to share their research findings in the growing interest in nutraceuticals. We received an overwhelming response with a total of 33 submissions, of which only nine original research papers and ten reviews were accepted after rigorous peer-review. The included articles research into natural substances of interest in nutraceuticals ranging from herbal medicine to vitamins to microbiota-

Microelectrode arrays are increasingly used in a wide variety of situations in the medical device sector. For example, one major challenge in microfluidic devices is the manipulation of fluids and droplets effectively at such scales. Due to the laminar flow regime (i.e., low Reynolds number) in microfluidic devices, the mixing of species is also difficult, and unless an active mixing strategy is employed, passive diffusion is the only mechanism that causes the fluid to mix. For many applications, diffusion is considered too slow, and thus many active pumping and mixing strategies have been employed using electrokinetic methods, which utilize a variety of simple and complex microelectrode array structures. Microelectrodes have also been implemented in in vitro intracellular delivery platforms to conduct cell electroporation on chip, where a highly localized electric field on the scale of a single cell is generated to enhance the uptake of extracellular material. In addition, microelect

The field of dental materials has seen remarkable advancements in recent years, with innovative designs and applications transforming modern dental practice. This reprint, Advanced Dental Materials: From Design to Application, aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in dental material science, exploring underlying principles, cutting-edge technologies, and real-world applications. It is intended for dental professionals, researchers, and students who seek a deeper understanding of the materials shaping the future of dentistry. We hope that this work will inspire further exploration and innovation, bridging the gap between material design and clinical use.