Perpustakaan Digital

This Special Issue of Energies, “Optimization of Intelligent Transport Systems Planning Energy Efficiency and Environmental Responsibility,” will consist of manuscripts describing problems and challenges for transport systems. The modern approach to city planning generates new expectations for mobility. The geographic space is a type of limited resource. Currently, dynamic changes in land-use are being observed. During such processes, administrative units do not always prepare for land-use planning when considering sustainable development. Vehicle numbers are increasing, as are the number of trips being made. This results from changes in people’s lifestyles, the habits created, and the increased convenience associated with personal transport. This development of individual transport, which contributes to the deterioration of road conditions (congestion), is harming the environment due to air and noise pollution and energy consumption and is causing the deterioration of residents’ health (due to increased use of personal transport).

Energy plays a decisive role in realizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as employment growth, industry, innovation, and infrastructure, sustainable cities and communities, clean energy, and climate change. This reprint, titled “Recent Advancements in Sustainable Solar Photovoltaic Power Technology”, presents significant works in the field of solar photovoltaic systems and critical issues in solar power generation technology, as well as the latest achievements and current problems in solar power generation technology and proposing corresponding solutions to key technical challenges in the utilization of solar power, pointing out future directions for achieving the SDGs through solar power generation technology.This reprint provides a variety of comprehensive reviews on solar power generation technologies like maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques, power electronic converter topologies, and parameter estimation of PV cells. Along with reviews, this book also o

Water resource systems planning and management issues are often very complex. The pressures on water resources are increasing with the expanding scale of global development involving ecological and hydrological consequences in river basins and groundwater aquifers, and water-quality deterioration. All this leads to the increasing need for investigating the effects of different human influences and impacts on the hydrological regime and on water quality like as land-use changes, climatic variability and climate changes, and intensified water and land-use practices. The Special Issue “Advances in Flow Modeling for Water Resources and Hydrological Engineering” presents a collection of scientific contributions that provides a sample of the state-of-the-art and forefront research in this field. In particular, basin-wide water resources planning, watershed management, flood forecasting, droughts, climate change impacts on flood risk and water resources, reservoir operation and management,

Legionella spp. are ubiquitous microorganisms that are widely distributed in aquatic environments. Water systems of large buildings, such as hospitals, hotels, and rental units are often contaminated by legionellae and various parameters such as physical, chemical, and microbial building water system characteristics can influence Legionella occurrence. A range of physical and chemical disinfection methods have been proposed to control Legionella contamination; however, to date, the most effective procedures have not been defined. There is a need to survey legionellae in water systems to prevent legionellosis. Although the assessment of L. pneumophila in water is typically performed by culture isolation on selective media, it has several limits. For this reason, alternative tools for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of Legionella in water samples have been proposed. In order to increase knowledge on different aspects of Legionella contamination in the water environment, this b

The aim of this Eng Special Issue is to compile experimental and theoretical research relating to engineering science and technology. The topics included in Eng are as follows: electrical, electronic, and information engineering; chemical and materials engineering; energy engineering; mechanical and automotive engineering; industrial and manufacturing engineering; civil and structural engineering; aerospace engineering; biomedical engineering; geotechnical engineering and engineering geology; and ocean and environmental engineering. Many of these topics have been selected with the goal of contributing to the circular economy and sustainable development and are thus being addressed from various perspectives, with the support of the engineering field and its applications.

Implementing environmentally friendly and cost-effective solutions is a pressing need to fulfill the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set to be achieved by 2030. Thus, the requirement to execute the design, construction and maintenance of civil engineering structures and infrastructures as sustainably as possible are big challenges currently faced by civil and geotechnical engineers. This book, compiling the papers published during the 2020–2021 biennium in the Topical Collection, “Sustainability in Geotechnics: The Use of Environmentally Friendly Materials”, is intended help tackle those challenges. Several topics are covered by the 23 papers published herein, including: sustainable ground improvement techniques; replacement of raw materials such as soils and aggregates by recycled materials; soil reinforcement with alternative materials; sustainable solutions using geosynthetics; low-carbon solutions for stabilization of contaminated soils; and bioengineering te

Landslides are destructive processes causing casualties and damage worldwide. The majority of the landslides are triggered by intense and/or prolonged rainfall. Therefore, the prediction of the occurrence of rainfall-induced landslides is an important scientific and social issue. To mitigate the risk posed by rainfall-induced landslides, landslide early warning systems (LEWS) can be built and applied at different scales as effective non-structural mitigation measures. Usually, the core of a LEWS is constituted of a mathematical model that predicts landslide occurrence in the monitored areas. In recent decades, rainfall thresholds have become a widespread and well established technique for the prediction of rainfall-induced landslides, and for the setting up of prototype or operational LEWS. A rainfall threshold expresses, with a mathematic law, the rainfall amount that, when reached or exceeded, is likely to trigger one or more landslides. Rainfall thresholds can be defined with relat

This reprint delves into the cutting-edge intersection of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), offering a comprehensive look at how these technologies are revolutionizing vegetation monitoring, target tracking, and various other applications. Featuring 15 in-depth articles, this Special Issue explores the potential of UAV multispectral and hyperspectral imagery for real-time dynamic monitoring and for the development of innovative methods for data interpretation. Some key features include, but are not limited to, the following: Focus on the application of AI techniques to process and model data from UAV sensors. Detailed analysis of UAV imagery in vegetation growth monitoring and dynamic target tracking. Topics include crop physical and chemical parameter inversion, crop growth monitoring, building extraction, and pest and disease forecasting. Novel approaches to extracting valuable information from UAV imagery. Essential reading for researchers, professionals, and students interested in UAV and AI integration.

Hazardous artificial contaminants are molecules of inorganic and organic nature (pharmaceuticals, food sources, heavy metals, dyes, personal care products, detergents, flame retardants, cosmetics, and pesticides) with potential toxicological effects on human health and the environment (air, water, and soil) due to their ubiquity at trace levels. These products could be bio-persistent during conventional treatment processes; accordingly, the adoption of proper and innovative technologies is necessary for the removal of these hazardous, persistent chemicals before their release into the environment. The aim of this reprint, entitled “Innovative Materials and Processes for the Removal of Biopersistent Pollutants”, was to collect studies devoted to the recent progress and new perspectives in the treatment and removal of hazardous artificial contaminants in the air, soil, and water supply. Related Books Innovative Materials and Methods for the Removal of Pollutants from the Environment C

Reprint of the Special Issue ‘Water Supply System Reliability, Resilience, Safety and Risk Modelling & Assessment, 3rd Edition’ (Water, ISSN 2073-4441). This Reprint gathers peer-reviewed papers on reliability, resilience, safety and risk assessment in water supply systems and related water infrastructure. It reflects the growing role of artificial intelligence, machine learning, transfer learning, cybersecurity, leak detection, water-loss analysis, pipe-break consequence assessment, groundwater vulnerability, water treatment plant reliability, financial impacts of boil-water advisories and hydrochemical data interpretation. The collected studies combine analytical, modelling, data-driven and case-study approaches to support more resilient, safe, cyber-aware and sustainable planning and operation of water systems under technical, environmental and socio-economic pressures.

In this book, we propose a collection of scientific and review articles on the production of hydrogen. The articles focus on the controlled storage and release of hydrogen; on the production of hydrogen from reforming from renewable sources, water splitting, and biological and photonic methods; on the intensification of the water gas shift process; and on the integration with purification methods such as pressure swing adsorption. Related Books Catalytic Reforming and Hydrogen Production Engineering Catalytic Hydrogen Generation and Use for Production of Fuels Chemistry & Materials Science ... Catalysis for the Production of Sustainable Fuels and Chemicals Chemistry & Materials Science ... Innovative Catalytic Materials for Environmental Remediation and Energy Applications Engineering Towards Green, Enhanced Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Chemistry & Materials Science The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal

The maritime sector is undergoing a major transformation driven by stringent environmental regulations and IMO decarbonization targets. As shipping accounts for over 80\% of global trade and a significant share of greenhouse gas emissions, the development of efficient and low-emission propulsion systems is a critical priority. This Special Issue, “Novelties in Marine Propulsion”, presents eight contributions that capture recent advances in CFD-based analysis, system-level propulsion design, and other emerging innovative concepts. These papers highlight the growing role of high-fidelity numerical methods in predicting complex hydrodynamic phenomena and enabling the efficient virtual prototyping of modern propulsion systems. A key theme of this collection is the shift from component optimization to integrated propulsion system design, where interactions between propulsors, hulls, and flow fields are explicitly considered. Alongside these developments, the authors also explore novel propulsion ideas inspired by fluid dynamics, as well as the integration of alternative energy systems such as hydrogen fuel cells. Finally, data-driven approaches and digital optimization strategies underline the increasing importance of operational intelligence in achieving real-world efficiency gains. Together, these contributions reflect a rapidly evolving field, where sustainability, advanced simulation, and innovative propulsion concepts converge to shape the future of marine transport.

Global warming is an undisputed fact, and climate change further exacerbates the variability in the distribution and pattern of precipitation. The frequency and intensity of extreme climate events have increased significantly in the context of global climatic change, and these events have a profound impact on forest ecosystems. Therefore, it is critical to understand the response and feedback of tree growth to climate change and climate extremes. Tree rings are one of the best proxy data for understanding long-term climate and environmental changes. The aim of this reprint is to investigate in depth the responses of tree growth to climate change and climate extremes, and to reconstruct past climate changes based on proxy data from tree rings. We have collated 17 high-quality research paper, exploring the relationship between tree rings and vegetation indices, analyzing the responses of different tree-ring parameters (including tree ring width, stable carbon isotopes, density and blue intensity) to climate, and further exploring the impact of climate extremes and droughts on tree growth. In addition, past temperature and streamflow changes across different regions have also been reconstructed. We hope that these studies will promote the development of dendrochronology research.

The questions of how to plan, develop, and utilize limited land resources are common challenges faced by many cities. This Reprint focuses on the theme of urban land development in the process of urbanization, including sustainable urban land development, urban land use/land cover mapping and changes, spatial–temporal evolution, influencing factors of urban land development, urban management and planning, urban expansion and shrinkage, and big data and urban planning. What distinguishes this Reprint is its close integration of theoretical innovation and practical application. We hope that this Reprint will provide useful insights for researchers, policymakers, and students engaged in land development, urban management, and related fields.

This reprint focuses on land use change processes and their driving mechanisms, ecological risks and eco-environmental effects. The spatio-temporal pattern changes and key driving factors of cultivated land, urban land, wetland, ecological land and mining land were studied at national or regional scales, such as in China, the Tibetan Plateau, the Yangtze River Delta, the Yellow River Basin, urban agglomeration and mountainous areas. The economic or ecological efficiency, ecological risks and environmental effects of typical land use changes, e.g., the effects of ecological restoration on critical services, the impact of planting structure changes on water resources and the impacts of urban expansion on food security and air pollution, as well as the environmental risks of chemical fertilizer application and coal-mining, were analyzed in depth using multi-source data and multiple methods. Revealing land use change characteristics and their potential ecological risks and impacts on foo

This reprint includes papers published in the Special Issue entitled “Land Modifications and Impacts on Coastal Areas”, with the aim of collecting multidisciplinary studies concerning the evaluation of natural and anthropic drivers inducing coastal morphodynamic modifications as well as coastal environmental changes. The volume presents studies carried out by means of in situ surveys as well as analysing remote sensing data. In order to provide the reader with a wide overview on different coastal settings and methodological approaches, case studies from Bulgaria, Cameroon, Ecuador, Ghana, Italy, Mexico, North Carolina (USA), and Spain are included in this Special Issue. It is hoped that the findings will be of interest for a wide range of investigations related to coastal analysis and management, especially for researchers and academics who could utilise exploit the provided approaches and methodologies. Related Books Coastal Dynamic and Evolution Environmental & Earth Sciences Coa

The rising presence of persistent and emerging contaminants in our water sources presents a significant challenge to traditional treatment methods. This Special Issue showcases groundbreaking research on how nanotechnology and advanced materials can deliver innovative solutions to tackle this urgent issue. The published contributions cover a wide range of nanomaterials, including metal oxides, plasmonic and magnetic systems, bio-based and polymeric materials, and hybrid nanocomposites, and employ several mechanisms, such as advanced oxidation processes, adsorption, and integrated catalytic–physical approaches. Importantly, several studies move beyond laboratory-scale experiments to address flow reactors, hybrid systems, and portable devices under realistic conditions. This Special Issue takes interest in innovative materials, eco-friendly synthesis methods, sustainability, and ecotoxicity assessments. It aims to connect fundamental research with real-world solutions for water decontamination, emphasizing a practical approach.

Ecophysiological mechanisms underlie plant responses to environmental conditions and the influence these responses have on ecological patterns and processes. In this Special Issue, with a particular interest in the interactions between climate change, environmental disturbance, and functional ecology, experimental observations are described at a range of spatial scales. A modeling framework is used in an effort to relate mechanistic responses to ecosystem functions and services, and link forest ecophysiology and environmental indicators. This Special Issue collects important advances in studying and monitoring plant–environment interactions, covering biogeographic gradients from Mediterranean woodlands to boreal forests and from Alpine mountains to tropical environments. Related Books Impacts of Climate Change on Tree Physiology and Responses of Forest Ecosystems Biology & Life Sciences ... Advances in Forest Ecophysiology: Stress Response and Ecophysiological Indicators of Tree Vital

The natural environment can no longer sustain human development; non-renewable resources must be preserved and used wisely. More recently, a number of intensive environmental problems have arisen, and many natural boundaries have been crossed due to our actions. Global warming and the depletion of natural resources are becoming a reality. Pollution and climate change are important factors enforcing our society to change their habits and move toward process circularity. The huge energy demand, both thermal and electrical, is obvious; however, it is no longer guaranteed. To maintain stability, we must move toward more eco-friendly solutions and replace fossil fuels with more heterogeneous and dynamic fuels such as biomass, especially agricultural biomass, refuse-derived fuels, and municipal waste. The thermochemical processing of waste fuels and biomass includes, but is not limited to: torrefaction, pyrolysis, liquefaction, gasification, hydrothermal carbonization and co-combustion, and direct combustion. At present, not only is the efficiency of the process the main challenge but waste generation and further utilization of the products to close the material loop are important issues as well. One of the major concerns is the quality of the materials generated; product cleaning and upgrading to enhance their properties provide significant research opportunities. The following Special Issue presents recent findings in biomass and waste conversion technologies, raw material analysis, and further upgrading and utilization of thermal processing products according to the circular economy concept.

Sustainability, defined as ‘meeting current needs without compromising the future’, is a widely accepted goal across many sectors of society. Sustainability’s criteria and indicators often only regard sustaining present conditions through increased resilience, intended as a system’s capacity to experience shocks while retaining essentially the same functions and structures. However, new sustainability concepts, sometimes referred to as “sustainagility”, also consider the properties and assets of a system that sustains the ability (agility) of agents to adapt and meet their needs in new ways, preparing for future unpredictability and unforeseen changes. Therefore, resilience must coexist with adaptive capacity for real, long-term sustainability. Consumers are paying increasing attention to the sustainability of the food supply chain; thus, sustainable development is necessary for all food processes. Since the olive oil sector has a well-established historical tradition, any change an

Sustainable construction projects encompass new eco-materials and techniques for the construction and retrofitting of materials during operation. Simultaneously, environmental protection issues augment the complexity of construction and maintenance projects, thus resulting in a greater need for advanced management and decision-making tools and techniques. This Special Issue showcases recent academic and industrial developments in successful and sustainable project management throughout the whole life cycle of construction projects, including green construction retrofitting methods and materials; lean construction techniques; the application of robotics and automation in construction; new approaches to budget estimation using machine learning; multicriteria decision-making in design and construction; sustainable procurement and contract management; successful claim management; and the digital transformation of construction processes and organizations.

The seafloor, which covers 71\% of the Earth's surface, contains diverse habitats (from shallow coastal areas to the deepest ocean trenches) and is essential for ecosystem services (such as pollution regulation, food supply, and biodiversity conservation). However, despite its crucial role, only about a quarter of the seafloor has been mapped. This Special Issue aligns with global initiatives such as the UN Decade of Ocean Science and SDG 14 ("Life Below Water") by deepening our understanding of marine ecosystems. It combines traditional and modern methods and aims to integrate research from a wide range of habitats, climates, and regions. The studies presented have primarily examined macrofauna at the community and species level, with an additional focus on megafauna, foraminifera, and macroalgae. These studies integrated conventional techniques and remote sensing for data collection, as well as taxonomic, molecular, and biogeochemical analyses in the laboratory. By applying diverse metrics to assess biodiversity and physiological conditions, coupled with advanced statistical tools, these studies have successfully explored previously unexplored areas, identified invasive species, monitored pollution, and tested innovative substrates to enhance monitoring capabilities. Overall, this SI significantly enriches our understanding of marine benthic ecology and biogeography and provides critical insights that support the conservation and management of marine benthic ecosystems.

This reprint focuses on exploring the relationship between urban form, mobility, and social well-being across neighborhoods, cities, and regions. Understanding more about these relationships is helpful in shaping integrated sustainable urban planning and transport development strategies. All reprint chapters primarily contribute to the existing literature on the interdisciplinary field of the impact of urban planning and transport on social well-being and facilitate novel ways of measuring the abstract concept of well-being, particularly in Asian and European countries. We suggested that further research could explore these themes in greater depth by means of both theoretical frameworks and methodological developments in this integrated field. Related Books Transportation and Infrastructure for Sustainability Engineering Strategies for Sustainable Urban Development—Exploring Innovative Approaches for a Liveable Future Public Health & Healthcare ... The Study of Urban Geography and C

The importance of studying pollution via potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is becoming a key challenge considering the increasing concern about the presence of PTEs in the environment and their potential impacts on ecosystem functioning and public health due to their persistence and biotoxicity. Regional geochemical research, together with geostatistical computations which are used to identify source patterns of different pollutants related to the underlying geological features and/or anthropogenic activities, is the best approach for characterizing this pollution issue. The collection of research in this Special Issue, “Potentially Toxic Element Pollution in Urban and Suburban Environments”, represents the need of the scientific community to characterize the behavior, transport, fate, and ecotoxicological state of PTEs in environmental matrices in both urban and suburban settings. All the case studies collected are of relevant significance due to their quality, both in the methodo