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The eight articles published in this Special Issue present original, empirical research, using various methods of data collection and analysis, in relation to topics that are pertinent to the study of Islam and Muslims in Australia. The contributors include long-serving scholars in the field, mid-career researchers, and early career researchers who represent many of Australia’s universities engaged in Islamic and Muslim studies, including the Australian National University, Charles Sturt University, Deakin University, Griffith University, and the University of Newcastle. The topics covered in this Special Issue include how Muslim Australians understand Islam (Rane et al. 2020); ethical and epistemological challenges facing Islamic and Muslim studies researchers (Mansouri 2020); Islamic studies in Australia’s university sector (Keskin and Ozalp 2021); Muslim women’s access to and participation in Australia’s mosques (Ghafournia 2020); religion, belonging and active citizenship among Mu

This Special Issue covers recent developments in distribution theory where the proliferation of 'new' distributions—often derived through standardized techniques—has led to the development of models that prioritize mathematical elegance and rigor over interpretability. While these models may exhibit increased complexity, they often fail to provide meaningful insights or flexibility beyond existing distributions in the literature. The Special Issue aims to reinvigorate the field by highlighting contributions that emphasize both the flexibility of statistical models and the clarity of their parameter interpretations. It focuses on developing distribution models grounded in specific mechanisms or characteristics related to real-world contexts, as well as frameworks that advance families of distribution functions. The contributions herein introduce reparameterizations to enhance model interpretability, explore regression models using key characteristics or indicators, and offer original applications with real data. Through this collection, the Special Issue seeks to foster deeper insights into statistical distribution theory, ensuring that new models remain practical and interpretable while advancing the flexibility and utility of existing frameworks.

This reprint focuses on wear and fatigue analysis, the dynamic properties of coating surfaces in transmission systems, and non-destructive condition monitoring for the health management of transmission systems. Transmission systems play a vital role in various types of industrial structure, including wind turbines, vehicles, mining and material-handling equipment, offshore vessels, and aircrafts. Surface wear is an inevitable phenomenon during the service life of transmission systems (such as on gearboxes, bearings, and shafts), and wear propagation can reduce the durability of the contact coating surface. As a result, the performance of the transmission system can degrade significantly, which can cause sudden shutdown of the whole system and lead to unexpected economic loss and accidents. Therefore, to ensure adequate health management of the transmission system, it is necessary to investigate the friction, vibration, and dynamic properties of its contact coating surface and monito

The book presents a collection of original scientific studies aimed at identifying the pigments and dyes in several archaeological or historical objects and artworks. The objects under investigation span from ancient Greek vases to modern paintings, and show the importance of scientific analysis not only to reveal the artists’ materials in different contexts, but also to support conservation and curatorial strategies for the preservation and display of cultural heritage. Related Books Advances in Analytical Strategies to Study Cultural Heritage Samples, 2nd Edition Chemistry & Materials Science Dyes in History and Archaeology 42 Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities Material Analysis in Cultural Heritage Chemistry & Materials Science Dyes in History and Archaeology 41 Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities ... Coatings for Cultural Heritage Chemistry & Materials Science ... The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Informat

The resilience of Chinese Christianity, characterized by diverse expressions of faith and practice, has garnered increasing scholarly attention as both a socio-cultural phenomenon and a field of study. This reprint presents innovative historical and social-scientific research on the transformations that have occurred within Chinese Christian movements. The contributors explore intra- and inter-church exchanges across Sino-Western linguistic, socio-cultural, and political boundaries, highlighting the trans-local networks that shaped Chinese Christianity. These articles argue that Chinese Christian expressions evolved either in analogy to or in resistance against Western missionary efforts, and in response to decades of socio-political upheaval that profoundly influenced Chinese churches and believers throughout the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. All twelve articles explore the reciprocal nature of Sino-Christian encounters, highlighting linguistic innovations in knowledge exchange, Chinese Christians’ engagement with nationalism, and the consolidation of Cantonese and Wenzhou Protestant identities. These findings reveal the broader spectrum of Catholic and Protestant experiences in modern China. This reprint invites esteemed researchers to engage with novel source materials and examine the dynamics of Chinese Christianity within changing historical, socio-cultural, and transnational contexts.

This volume of Proceedings gathers papers presented at XOVETIC2020 (A Coruña, Spain, 8–9 October 2020), a conference with the main goal of bringing together young researchers working in big data, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, HPC (High-performance computing), cybersecurity, bioinformatics, natural language processing, 5G, and other areas from the field of ICT (Information Communications Technology); and offering a platform to present the results of their research to a national audience in Portugal. This third edition aims to serve as the basis of this event, which will be consolidated over time and acquire international projection. Related Books XoveTIC 2019 Engineering XoveTIC 2018 Engineering The 4th XoveTIC Conference Engineering Salutogenesis and Coping Engineering The 3rd IEEE International Conference on Electronic Communications, Internet of Things and Big Data 2023 Computer Science & Mathematics ... The recommendations have been generated using an AI system.

Lipid-based nanosystems, including solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), cationic lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and liposomes, have been extensively studied to improve drug delivery through different administration routes. The main advantages of these systems are their ability to protect, transport, and control the release of lipophilic and hydrophilic molecules (either small-molecular-weight molecules or macromolecules); the use of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) excipients that minimize the toxicity of the formulations; and the possibility to modulate pharmacokinetics and enable the site-specific delivery of encapsulated payloads. In addition, the versatility of lipid-based nanosystems has further been demonstrated for the delivery of vaccines, the protection of active cosmetic ingredients, and the improvement of moisturizing properties of cosmetic formulations.Lipid-based nanosystems are well established and there are already differen

This book compiles the Special Issue of Applied Sciences, entitled “Application of Biology to Cultural Heritage”, and aims to cover all the latest outstanding progress on the biological and biochemical methods developed and applied to cultural heritage.Eleven excellent papers (including both reviews and full research articles) form part of this book and each paper went through a hard and demanding review in order to ensure maximum quality. We do thank all the reviewers for their efforts which are so crucial for the improvement of the now-published papers. In the field of cultural heritage, biodiversity and biodeterioration have received a great deal of research attention in recent years. This book intends to provide a comprehensive examination of the science of biology in various fields and areas, as well as its practical application for the preservation of cultural heritage. Full research articles and reviews on all aspects of biological causes, modes of action, biocidal treatments,

The following Reprint presents a comprehensive collection of articles from the Special Issue on anterior cruciate ligament injuries, with a focus on contemporary clinical treatment and rehabilitation strategies. It highlights recent advances in surgical techniques, including graft selection and lateral extra-articular procedures, in addition to postoperative outcomes and functional recovery. Emphasis is placed on evidence-based approaches to enhance joint stability, minimize complications, and facilitate return to sports and daily activities. In addition, this Reprint addresses rehabilitation protocols and biological considerations that influence long-term joint health. By integrating clinical insights with current research, this Reprint provides valuable perspectives for orthopedic surgeons, sports medicine specialists, and researchers involved in the management of ACL injuries.

This Special Issue presents twelve papers examining vocabulary development across first- and second-language contexts, emphasizing the dynamic link between theory and classroom practice. Key topics include the influence of first-language (L1) knowledge on second-language (L2) vocabulary acquisition, the creation and validation of innovative vocabulary assessment tools, and the effectiveness of instructional strategies for promoting lexical growth. A central theme is the interaction between L1 and L2 vocabularies. Several contributions explore how learners’ L1 knowledge shapes L2 vocabulary learning, highlighting cross-linguistic influences and strategies for leveraging L1 resources to enhance L2 acquisition. This underscores the importance of understanding inter-lingual connections for effective teaching. The Issue also advances research on vocabulary assessment by introducing novel methods for measuring lexical knowledge and its relationship to broader language skills, such as reading comprehension. As such, it provides valuable frameworks and practical tools for educators and researchers. Additionally, the collection includes investigations into instructional approaches such as spaced repetition and digital annotation, as well as cognitive factors such as working memory. These studies show how targeted strategies can improve vocabulary retention and acquisition, offering insights for differentiated instruction.

Highlighting the topic of environmental protest and rebellion, as expressed in selected literature for children and young adults, this Reprint seeks to contribute to sustaining a focus on environmental and ecocritical thinking in the face of global crises. Comprising contributions from scholars in Ukraine, Finland, Norway, Italy, the UK, Sweden, Belgium, Germany, and Ireland, all sharing their unique analyses of literary eco-rebellion written for children and young adults, each of the contributors position themselves in relation to current discussions in the scholarly field of environmental research on children’s and YA literatures in their own ways. It is our hope that this collection of original articles may encourage environmental thinking and educational practices and help resist the dismantling of democratic and academic freedoms that are currently under pressure in many countries.

This Special Issue aims to showcase current work at the interface of pragmatics (the linguistic discipline that studies meaning in context) and argumentation theory (the study of the way people argue). These two disciplines have much in common, from overlapping research objects to shared theoretical frameworks, and have accordingly been in constant dialogue for approximately half a century. The objective of this Special Issue is to explore this interface by taking stock of existing work and discussing new contact points between the disciplines. The 17 papers comprising this Special Issue consider different lines of inquiry, from methodological questions (how can one discipline be of use in the investigation of research questions belonging to the other discipline?) to theoretical (how and to what extent do pragmatic phenomena related to meaning play out in argumentative exchanges? How is argumentation expressed?) and practical questions (under which conditions can we consider argumen

The increasing frequency of tropical-cyclone damage has attracted public interest regarding the impact of global warming on tropical cyclone activity. Although the global mean temperature has been rising since the 20th century, the detection and attribution of any climate change in tropical cyclone activity remain uncertain due to the limited length of reliable observations. A number of previous studies have reported projected future changes in tropical cyclone frequency. However, there remains substantial uncertainty regarding future changes in tropical cyclone activity and their impact. The publication of this Special Issue aims to minimize uncertainty in the possible future changes in tropical cyclone activity. Individual papers solicited for this Special Issue focus on (1) quantifying change in the characteristics of tropical cyclones in a warmer climate; (2) observed climate change in tropical cyclone activity; (3) assessing tropical cyclone risks, mitigations, and adaptations f

While often perceived as a single language, “Chinese” is, in fact, a diverse branch of the Sino-Tibetan family, with internal variation comparable to that of the Romance or Germanic languages. This Special Issue, “Typology of Chinese Languages: One Name, Many Languages”, examines this complexity by challenging monolithic views and showcasing the rich tapestry of Sinitic diversity. The contributions move beyond well-known standardized languages to analyse lesser-known contact varieties, transitional dialects, and innovative grammatical constructions—from the Russian-influenced Dungan in Central Asia to the complex verb systems of Cantonese and the modal expressions of Wu dialects. Using historical, quantitative, experimental, and descriptive methods, the papers investigate phonology, morphosyntax, and the lexicon, analysing everything from dative markers and causative constructions to tonal behaviour and the function of classifiers. This volume offers a crucial, data-rich update to the field, providing a nuanced perspective on the dynamic interplay of inheritance, contact, and evolution that defines Sinitic typology today.

The North China Craton (NCC) preserves ancient rocks dating back to ca. 3.8 Ga, and has witnessed multiple magmatic–metamorphic events during the Archean–Proterozoic era. This critical period may have marked the transformation of the geodynamic regime on early Earth. As a result, the NCC serves as an ideal natural laboratory for deciphering the growth and evolution of continental crust, the onset of plate tectonics, and the architecture of the Archean geodynamic regime. To better understand the geological evolution of the NCC during the Precambrian, we collected 11 contributions for this Special Issue.

This book is a Special Issue on "Selected Papers from the 1st International Electronic Conference on Entomology". It contains 1 editorial, 19 research papers and 2 review papers. The contributors come from 23 different countries around the world. Related Books Selected Papers from 1st International Electronic Conference on Biological Diversity, Ecology, and Evolution (BDEE 2021) Biology & Life Sciences The 1st International Electronic Conference on Algorithms Computer Science & Mathematics ... Selected Papers from the 5th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications Engineering The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Applied Sciences Chemistry & Materials Science ... The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biosensors Biology & Life Sciences ... The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and

Intimate partner violence (IPV), defined as physical, sexual, emotional, and economic abuse and controlling behaviors inflicted within intimate partner relationships, is a global crisis that extends beyond national and sociocultural boundaries, affecting people of all ages, religions, ethnicities, and economic backgrounds. Though studies exist that seek to explain how people become trapped within violent relationships and what factors facilitate survival, escape and safety, this book provides fresh insights into this complex and multifaceted issue. People often ask of women in abusive relationships “why does she stay?” Critics suggest that this question carries implicit notions of victim blame and fails to hold to account the perpetrators of abuse. The studies described in this book, however, explore the question from the perspectives of survivors and represent a shift away from individual pathology to an approach based on the recognition of structural oppression, agency and resilienc

In recent years, the growth of the IoT has made an increasing amount of data available to be analyzed and exploited for the creation of intelligent models and solutions. In the Smart Home domain, new application scenarios have opened up, facilitated by the emergence of new techniques and paradigms that enable the development of smart devices. The application of Artificial Intelligence in this context aims to simplify and automate activities, increase security, reduce energy consumption, and generally optimize home-related processes. This Special Issue discusses the application of Artificial Intelligence to smart home automation through the use of various techniques, ranging from speech recognition, human behavior recognition, automatic home temperature control, electricity consumption monitoring, and the development of intelligent agents for building knowledge representations of unknown environments. Related Books Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovation Engineering Mach

The present volume “New Trends in Lithium Niobate: From Bulk to Nanocrystals” contains the materials of a Special Issue of the MDPI journal Crystals dedicated to the memory of Prof. Dr. Ortwin F. Schirmer and provides a new synopsis of his research focusing on LiNbO3. It also includes recent developments, exemplifying the continued interest in this outstanding ferroelectric, non-linear optical and holographic crystal as a workhorse for testing and realizing new ideas and applications.This book starts with reviews on intrinsic and extrinsic crystal defects in LiNbO3 of single-crystal, thin-film or nano-powder forms, studied by various optical, magnetic resonance and nuclear methods, clarifying in particular the reasons for the suppression of anion vacancy formation upon thermal reduction, mechano-chemical processing or irradiations of various types. The reviews are followed by research papers on the experimental and theoretical investigation of small polarons, together with recent res

The advances in the technology and methodology for human movement capture and analysis over the last decade have been remarkable. Besides acknowledged approaches for kinematic, dynamic, and electromyographic (EMG) analysis carried out in the laboratory, more recently developed devices, such as wearables, inertial measurement units, ambient sensors, and cameras or depth sensors, have been adopted on a wide scale. Furthermore, computational intelligence (CI) methods, such as artificial neural networks, have recently emerged as promising tools for the development and application of intelligent systems in motion analysis. Thus, the synergy of classic instrumentation and novel smart devices and techniques has created unique capabilities in the continuous monitoring of motor behaviors in different fields, such as clinics, sports, and ergonomics. However, real-time sensing, signal processing, human activity recognition, and characterization and interpretation of motion metrics and behaviors

Islamic liberation theology (ILT) refers to a diverse cluster of theologies that seek to reinterpret Islamic texts in the light of oppression and resistance to it. Based on a commitment to social justice, ILT shifts theological understanding away from the privileged center(s) of society, shifting the interlocutor, the conversation partner of theology to the neglected margins. Over the past few decades, a rich body of Islamic scholarship has emerged that has grappled with a variety of categories and frameworks, most notably gender and religious pluralism. The purpose of this Special Issue is to identify new directions in ILT by engaging the following questions: What is the current state of the field? What are the key contexts, problems, and thematic areas on which ILT has focused, and why have scholars prioritized these issues? How have establishment religion and its hierarchies of power and authority been deconstructed, and how have liberationist re-readings of religious texts been p

Despite the extensive number of years that medical science has employed oxygen, we have not totally mastered its use. Hypoxia (normobaric or hypobaric), normobaric hyperoxia and hyperbaric hyperoxia refer to the various “levels” of oxygen that humans are submitted to, either in the medical field or during sports activities such as scuba diving or mountaineering. In chronic situations such as living at high altitudes, we submit our bodies to prolonged hypoxia. One such example of a human settlement at extreme altitudes is the town of La Rinconada in Peru (around 4500-5500 m, approximately 11\% of inspired oxygen). In physiological situations, hypoxemia is frequently observed in the absence of hypoxia in athletes who experience very high maximum oxygen consumption during maximal exercise (Dempsey effect); in this case, we find an extremely high pulmonary blood flow associated with a reduced capillary transit time, which does not allow the blood to complete sufficient oxygen loading. Pro

This Reprint is dedicated to Prof. Osvaldo A. Rosso (Federal University of Alagoas in Maceió, Brazil), on the occasion of his 70th birthday. In his distinguished academic career, Prof. Rosso has authored more than 290 research publications, including about 182 papers published in international journals, mostly on time series analysis, nonlinear dynamics, information theory, and complex networks, as well as their applications to physics and bio-medical sciences. As a result, Prof. Rosso was nominated among the top 5\% of researchers with high impact in biological applications in the years 2022, 2023, and 2024. In addition to the vast and influential work of Prof. Rosso, we would also like to highlight his leadership and mentoring, especially in South America, where he has nurtured a large and very active community of former students and collaborators in the field of nonlinear time series analysis with a strong emphasis on applications. In recognition of Prof. Rosso's outstanding trajectory, this Reprint comprises eighteen contributions on nonlinear dynamics and applications that have been organized into five topics—nonlinear time series analysis, dynamical systems and models, physics, chaos synchronization, and networks—along with a review of the applications of entropy in data analysis and machine learning. These topics not only reflect the main research fields of Prof. Rosso but they also showcase the diversity of topics covered in nonlinear dynamics, while suggesting timely lines of research to readers.

Mercury is a toxic global contaminant that is transported through the atmosphere, is deposited in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and concentrates up the food chain, reaching levels that can harm both humans and wildlife. This book reports the latest findings describing the distribution, deposition, and measurement of this airborne pollutant as well as the human and environmental impacts of artisanal mining of mercury and gold. The research originates from around the world and highlights the importance of atmospheric mercury research and the Minamata Convention on Mercury, a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from anthropogenic emissions of mercury. Related Books Atmospheric Mercury Environmental & Earth Sciences Mercury and Methylmercury Contamination of Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems Environmental & Earth Sciences Mercury and Methylmercury Toxicology and Risk Assessment Chemistry & Materials Science Atmospheric Heavy Metal and Nitrogen Deposition Using