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This book presents a comprehensive collection of peer-reviewed articles accepted and published in the Special Issue “Polynomials: Theory and Applications, 2nd Edition” of the MDPI journal Mathematics. The volume reflects the central role of polynomial theory in modern mathematical research and its growing impact on science, engineering, and applied disciplines. The contributions span a wide range of contemporary topics, including modern umbral calculus, Appell and Sheffer polynomial sequences, q-calculus and quantum calculus-based polynomial structures, orthogonal and multiple orthogonal polynomials, matrix and determinant approaches to polynomial systems, fractional calculus, symbolic computation, and analytic number theory. In addition, several papers explore applications of special polynomial sequences and special functions to physics, engineering, statistics, and related scientific fields. By bringing together both theoretical developments and application-oriented studies, this volume aims to serve as a valuable reference for researchers, graduate students, and practitioners seeking a deeper understanding of recent advances in polynomial theory and its interdisciplinary applications.

This Special Issue of Coatings presents the newest research outcome in the field of the enhancement of native wood properties through a wide range of chemical, biological, and physical agents. The broad spectrum of topics provides a comprehensive update regarding ongoing research in this field. Such a compilation can be an inspiration for the further development of multifunctional and sustainable coatings, revolutionizing the wood sector of the future. Related Books Wood Modification Chemistry & Materials Science Advanced Technologies in Physical and Mechanical Wood Modification Biology & Life Sciences Performance and Modification of Wood and Wood-Based Materials Engineering Surface Properties and Surface Treatments of Wood and Wood-Based Composites Chemistry & Materials Science ... Advances in Wood Composites Chemistry & Materials Science ... The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Polic

Coal mining continues to make advances, especially in the areas of safety and environmental protection as a result of mining. This book contains nine peer-reviewed articles on green coal mining that address most of the important issues associated with improving coal mining. These issues include the protection of water above coal mines, both surface and ground water, and the subsidence that occurs during and after mining with methods to limit it and methods of rehabilitation. Additional issues include mine entry and production area support and methods to control gas emissions. Related Books Method and Technology of Green Coal Mining Environmental & Earth Sciences Green Mining Environmental & Earth Sciences ... Process Safety in Coal Mining Engineering Green Low-Carbon Technology for Metalliferous Minerals Chemistry & Materials Science Advances in Exploration, Development and Utilization of Coal and Coal-Related Resources Environmental & Earth Sciences The recommendations have been gen

In an era defined by environmental consciousness, this Reprint, titled "Biopolymers and Biodegradable Polymers: Synthesis, Properties, Application, and Degradation Behavior," emerges as a pivotal resource. This Reprint bridges the gap between fragmented research, offering a comprehensive and unified exploration of the burgeoning field of sustainable materials. It delves into the fundamental principles of biopolymer synthesis, unraveling the intricate relationships between molecular structure and material properties. Readers will gain a thorough understanding of the diverse applications that leverage the unique characteristics of these eco-friendly polymers, as well as a critical analysis of their degradation behavior. The chapters in this Reprint cover diverse topics, ranging from bio-based pavement stabilization to advanced polymer design, non-woven fabrication, and chitosan films. Readers can gain knowledge regarding deep learning for cell migration, PLA crystallization, and applications spanning ternary blends, flame retardants, dental polymers, and tissue regeneration. This Reprint shines a light on biopolymers' transformative potential for a greener future.

Solvent polarity and hydrogen-bonding character play important roles in determining the magnitude of the solute-solvent interactions that control chemical reaction rates and equilibrium concentrations of chemically special species dissolved in both water and organic mono-solvents, as well as in binary (and higher-order multicomponent) solvent systems and molecularly organized aqueous-surfactant mixtures. Spectroscopic methods employing solvatochromic probe molecules have provided valuable information in the form of empirical solvent polarity and hydrogen-bonding scales that can be used to understand and predict the effect of binary solvent composition on solute solubility, equilibrium constants, and chemical reaction rates, to investigate preferential solvation in binary solvent mixtures, and to examine interfacial regions of aqueous micelles formed by ionic surfactants.This Special Issue contains five very informative review articles as well as ten original research papers and commu

The G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (PIBOC FEB RAS) was founded in 1964 in Vladivostok in the Far East of Russia. Over many years, we have been carrying out studies on the natural products of both marine and terrestrial origin. In collaboration with many Russian and foreign scientists, we have investigated many hundreds of diverse biomolecules, including steroids and terpenoids, quinoid compounds and alkaloids, polysaccharides and lipids, enzymes and lectins, proteins, and peptides. The Institute has a collection of marine microorganisms (KMM) PIBOC, which includes more than 4000 strains of marine bacteria and more than 1000 strains of marine fungi. The biological activity of natural compounds is also being studied. This book includes the 14 manuscripts which covered almost all aspects of PIBOC research activity in the fields of bioorganic chemistry, biochemistry, organic synthesis of natural compound

This synthesis highlights innovations addressing reservoir heterogeneity and fracture dynamics through integrated numerical modeling, data assimilation, and multi-physics coupling. Ensemble-based algorithms (e.g., ES-MDA) enhance history matching by assimilating 4D seismic and production data, reducing uncertainties by 15–20\%. Hydro-mechanical models optimized with true triaxial experiments guide Discrete Fracture Network (DFN)-driven hydraulic fracturing, boosting shale gas productivity by 40\%. Proxy models like INSIM-FT and Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) enable rapid simulation, cutting computational time from weeks to hours while maintaining >85\% accuracy. Machine learning (XGBoost) achieves 92\% permeability prediction in carbonates, while dynamic heterogeneity analysis reveals fracture-induced permeability contrasts exceeding 103. Geomechanical frameworks quantify risks in salt cavern storage (0.12\% annual creep strain) and fractured reservoirs, extending operational lifespans by 20\%. Field applications demonstrate 8\% recovery gains in carbonate fields via 4D seismic integration and 60\% leakage risk reduction through multi-physics cement design. Emerging trends fuse data-physics models (30–50\% efficiency gains) and cross-scale simulations, while challenges persist in proppant transport modeling and sparse 4D data. Future directions prioritize quantum computing for fracture networks, IoT-enabled digital twins, and adapting reservoir engineering to carbon sequestration, positioning the field as pivotal for sustainable energy transition.

In the last decades, historians and art historians have created an active historiographical debate about one of the most fascinating and studied iconographic themes of the Middle Ages: the royal divine coronation. Indeed, in the specific case of some Ottonian and Salian illuminations, it has been proposed that their function was not only political or to legitimize power, as traditionally suggested (Herrscherbilder), but also liturgical and religious (Memorialbilder). This has led to a complete rethinking of the meaning of this iconographic theme: the divine coronation of the king would not symbolically allude to his earthly power but to the wholly devotional hope of receiving the crown of eternal life in the afterlife. If this academic debate has been concentrated, above all, on Ottonian and Salian royal images, this Special Issue of Arts would like to deal with this topic by stimulating the analysis of royal divine coronation and blessing scenes in religious and liturgical context (m

The book focuses on the techniques for UAV-based 3D mapping and its applications in varying fields since the explosive development of UAV-based photogrammetric 3D mapping and their wide applications from traditional surveying and mapping to other related fields have been witnessed in photogrammetry and remote sensing. In the last decade, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images have become one of the most important remote sensing data sources for photogrammetric 3D mapping. Besides, the rapid development of recent techniques, e.g., SfM (Structure from Motion) for off-line image orientation, SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) for on-line UAV navigation, and the deep learning (DL) embedded 3D reconstruction pipeline, has promoted UAV-based 3D mapping towards the direction of automation and intelligence. It is really worthy to collecting the cutting-edge techniques and reporting their promising applications. Related Books UAV Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Engineering Applica

This book provides extensive information about advanced control techniques in electric drives. Multiple control and estimation methods are studied for position and speed tracking in different drives. Artificial intelligence tools, such as fuzzy logic and neural networks, are used for specific applications using electric drives. Related Books Advanced Control Techniques for Power Converter and Drives Engineering Applied Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic in Power Electronics, Motor Drives, Renewable Energy Systems and Smart Grids Engineering Advances in Control of Power Electronic Converters Engineering Design and Control of Electrical Motor Drives Engineering Advanced Mathematics and Computational Applications in Control Systems Engineering Engineering The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distrib

"Flow Visualization: Experiments and Techniques", compiles cutting-edge research and innovative methodologies that address the challenges of analyzing fluid dynamics in industrial and scientific contexts. Tailored for researchers, engineers, and graduate students in fluid mechanics and related disciplines, this work emphasizes practical advancements in spatial resolution, dynamic range, and predictive modeling. Contributions from leading experts provide insights into data assimilation, emerging visualization tools, and interdisciplinary collaboration.This Reprint is not just a compilation of research—it is a roadmap for the future of fluid-flow studies. It brings together latest research from leading experts in the field, ensuring readers are exposed to the most up-to-date knowledge and techniques. Flow visualization is vital for aircraft design for those in the aerospace industry. Understanding how air flows around an aircraft's wings and fuselage can lead to more fuel-efficient designs and enhanced flight performance. In the biomedical field, visualizing blood flow in the human body helps in the diagnosis and treatment of various cardiovascular diseases.Whether you are looking to expand your research horizons, enhance your engineering skills, or simply gain a deeper understanding of the fascinating world of fluid dynamics, this reprint is the perfect companion in the ever-evolving field of fluid flow visualization.

This Reprint, part of the International Symposium on Vietnamese Linguistics (ISVL) series, brings together ten revised papers originally presented at the 4th and 5th ISVL workshops, hosted by National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University in 2024 and Ca’ Foscari University of Venice in 2025. Earlier ISVL meetings and companion volumes have mapped the field and set out broad directions for research; this Reprint continues that work with a set of focused studies that highlight both theoretical and empirical advances. These contributions examine a wide range of topics in Vietnamese linguistics, including the Austroasiatic inheritance of the language, the historical development of negation and the interaction of Sino-Vietnamese prefixes with sentential negators, reduplication and its interpretive effects, clause structure and locative inversion, the organization of the left periphery, reference and binding, null possessors in kinship and body-part terms, and the semantics and pragmatics of particles. Together, these papers provide new data, testable analyses, and comparative insights that connect Vietnamese to central debates in typology, historical linguistics, cartography, binding theory, and the semantics–pragmatics interface. The Reprint offers a concise but wide-ranging resource for scholars interested in the structure and history of Vietnamese and its role in broader linguistic theory.

Topics covered in this reprint include material characterization, theoretical and empirical methods, modeling, simulation technology, design and validation, and AI-assisted design-on-simulation technology for electronic packaging. Package design engineers, researchers, and graduate students involved in thermal/mechanical modeling, package design, material selection, qualification, and reliability assessment of advanced packaging will benefit from this reprint. Related Books Advances in Modelling and Simulation of Materials in Applied Sciences Chemistry & Materials Science ... Advanced Interconnect and Packaging Engineering Experimental Simulation and Characterization of Radiation Damage in Materials Chemistry & Materials Science ... Advanced Production, Processing and Characterization of Industrial Materials Engineering MEMS Packaging Technologies and 3D Integration Biology & Life Sciences The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisor

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare and aggressive cancer, related to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress caused mainly by exposure to asbestos. Although this mineral has been banned for decades in many countries, epidemiologists predict the MM epidemic will last past 2040, raising many concerns in public health given its late diagnosis, dismal prognosis, and lack of current efficient therapies.To deal with this situation, important breakthroughs have recently been made in the understanding of MM’s complex biology and the carcinogenic process of the different patterns of the disease. Examples of these include the development of new biomarkers and the deciphering of gene–environment interactions, molecular mechanisms of invasiveness, deregulated pathways, altered expression of miRNAs, DNA damage repair, or metabolic profile. From now on, MM’s aggressive and chemoresistant character appears linked to a polyclonal malignancy, and heterogeneity in molecular alterations.Given thes

With the progress made in science and technology, the quality of people's material and cultural lives has improved, meaning that the requirements for product quality and nondestructive testing technology have further increased. Nondestructive testing technology usually includes five conventional testing technologies, namely, eddy current, penetration, magnetic particle, ultrasonic, and X-ray, along with their related new technologies. Usually, different materials need to be detected, and the defects that need to be detected are not the same; for example, for metals, defects include non-metallic pipe defects and slag inclusions, the metal not being welded through, porosity, etc.; for the power transmission of porcelain bottles such as ceramic materials, defects include cracks, porosity, etc. This reprint collected papers about the detection of the most common defects, including surface defects, subsurface defects and so on. Recent advances in sensor technologies form the basis of the development of nondestructive testing technology, data acquirement processing, and image processing technology.

This Special Issue aims to showcase cutting-edge research on numerical modeling and experimental investigation in the characterization of petroleum and its derivatives and bioprocesses. The scope of this Special Issue includes cases of investigations on petroleum property relationships, the modeling of petroleum properties, the application of different methods for the characterization of petroleum and its derivatives, sustainable fuels, biofuels, petroleum refining process performance optimization, and bioprocesses. Included in this Special Issue are seventeen contributions from researchers across the globe in the fields of petroleum fluid characterization and bioprocesses.

The prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities, particularly type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and hepatic disease and certain cancers, continues to rise worldwide. Paradoxically, despite an increasingly obesogenic environment, particularly in Western societies, undernutrition is also extremely common.The application of novel, sophisticated techniques, particularly related to imaging and molecular biology, has substantially advanced our understanding of the mechanisms controlling appetite and energy intake. This has led to a redefinition of many concepts, including the relative importance of central versus peripheral mechanisms, recognising that the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, particularly gut hormones, plays a critical role.Given the major advance in knowledge in the field, this Special Issue provides a comprehensive overview of the GI mechanisms underlying the regulation of appetite and energy intake, as a series of definitive reviews by international authorities. The reviews addre

This book presents collective works published in the recent Special Issue (SI) entitled "Multivariate Approximation for Solving ODE and PDE". These papers describe the different approaches and related objectives in the field of multivariate approximation. The articles in fact present specific contents of numerical methods for the analysis of the approximation, as well as the study of ordinary differential equations (for example oscillating with delay) or that of partial differential equations of the fractional order, but all linked by the objective to present analytical or numerical techniques for the simplification of the study of problems involving relationships that are not immediately computable, thus allowing to establish a connection between different fields of mathematical analysis and numerical analysis through different points of view and investigation. The present contents, therefore, describe the multivariate approximation theory, which is today an increasingly active resea

Animal cognition is an independent field of interdisciplinary investigation, featuring specialized methodologies and paradigms tailored to diverse animal species. Different approaches can contribute to our understanding of animal behaviour and cognition. For example, automated and observer-independent techniques, which allow for the collection of vast sets of data, or the study of the neurobiological correlates of mental processes, which requires reference to standardized paradigms. These methodologies pose constraints on the complexity and ecological validity of behaviour. On the other hand, more traditional methods are firmly grounded in species ethology, which is considered crucial to grasp the distinctive qualitative features of the behavioural repertoire. Here, we present a collection of contributions employing behavioural methods to investigate the mental abilities of animals or any other behaving organism and to reflect on the big issue of “asking a question” to non-human anim

The book is a collection of original research and review articles addressing the intriguing field of the cellular and molecular players involved in muscle homeostasis and regeneration. One of the most ambitious aspirations of modern medical science is the possibility of regenerating any damaged part of the body, including skeletal muscle. This desire has prompted clinicians and researchers to search for innovative technologies aimed at replacing organs and tissues that are compromised. In this context, the papers, collected in this book, addressing a specific aspects of muscle homeostasis and regeneration under physiopathologic conditions, will help us to better understand the underlying mechanisms of muscle healing and will help to design more appropriate therapeutic approaches to improve muscle regeneration and to counteract muscle diseases. Related Books Nutrition and Exercise Interventions on Skeletal Muscle Physiology, Injury and Recovery: From Mechanisms to Therapy Biology & Lif

Mountain regions are critical because of their diverse geological conditions, dynamic changes, and the multiple natural hazards that often occur. Mountains are high-risk environments that can experience a variety of natural hazards, since initiated hazards often trigger secondary, cascading hazards, having a significant impact not only on the area of occurrence but often also on up- and downstream regions. High economic losses and human casualties are caused by geophysical (rockfalls, earthquakes, and volcanic activities), hydrological (floods, avalanches, and dammed-lake outbursts), and sediment-related hazards (landslides, driftwood, debris/mud flows, and surface erosion). Under the impacts of global warming and climate change, the spatiotemporal patterns of rainfall and other weather events have become more unevenly distributed, often with a more extreme magnitude and/or intensity of events. The complexity of mountainous regions, in addition to the continued changes in climate and

For a long time, the tight junction (TJ) was known to form and regulate the paracellular barrier between epithelia and endothelial cell sheets. Starting shortly after the discovery of the proteins forming the TJ—mainly the two families of claudins and TAMPs—several other functions have been discovered, a striking one being the surprising finding that some claudins form paracellular channels for small ions and/or water. This Special Issue includes 43 articles covering numerous dedicated topics including pathogens affecting the TJ barrier, TJ regulation via immune cells, the TJ as a therapeutic target, TJ and cell polarity, function and regulation by proteins of the tricellular TJ, TJ as a regulator of cellular processes, organ- and tissue-specific functions, TJ as sensors and reacting to environmental conditions, and last but not least, TJ proteins and cancer. Related Books Interplay of Connexins and Pannexins in Tissue Function and Disease Biology & Life Sciences TRP Channels in Healt

A collection of 18 scientific papers written in honor of Professor Karlheinz Schwarz's 80th birthday. The main topics include spectroscopy, excited states, DFT developments, results analysis, solid states, and surfaces. Related Books Radically Different—A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Bernd Giese on the Occasion of His 80th Birthday Chemistry & Materials Science A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Reinhard Schlickeiser on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday Physical Sciences From Quantum Paraelectric/Ferroelectric Perovskite Oxides to High Temperature Superconducting Copper Oxides -- In Honor of Professor K.A. Müller for His Lifework Computer Science & Mathematics Molecular Spectroscopy and Molecular Structure: Commemorative Issue in Honor of Professor Austin J. Barnes on Occasion of his 75th Birthday Physical Sciences Functional Molecular Materials Insights—a Themed Issue in Honour of Professor Manuel Almeida on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday Chemistry & Materials Science T

Road pavements are essential to transportation infrastructure, supporting mobility, safety, and sustainability. Increasing traffic loads and climate-related stresses require pavement solutions with higher performance, durability, and resilience, supported by innovative materials and advanced design and monitoring approaches. This reprint presents a collection of peer-reviewed contributions from the Special Issue “Advances in Road Pavements” published in the journal Buildings (MDPI). The volume provides an overview of recent scientific and technological advances in road pavement engineering, combining theoretical developments with practical applications. The chapters cover topics such as pavement design and performance evaluation, innovative materials and construction methods, surface characteristics and ride quality, safety-related aspects, numerical modeling, monitoring technologies, and sustainable strategies for pavement construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation. The contributions include experimental studies, numerical analyses, and real-world case studies reflecting current challenges, particularly in urban mobility and infrastructure management. By integrating multidisciplinary perspectives, the reprint offers insights into improving pavement performance, extending service life, and reducing life-cycle costs and environmental impacts. This volume is intended for researchers, graduate students, practicing engineers, infrastructure managers, and policymakers seeking an up-to-date reference on road pavement engineering.