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Violence is a multifaceted phenomenon that infiltrates various cultures and systems, necessitating a comprehensive understanding to enhance prevention and intervention strategies. This Special Issue reprint includes systematic and scoping reviews on diverse forms of violence, aiming for improved characterization. It highlights the growing focus of research on the urgent need for specific preventive measures against both traditional and emerging forms of violence. Additionally, the issue encompasses empirical, quantitative, and qualitative research aimed at deepening insights into the dynamics unique to various expressions of violence. These include offline (e.g., dating violence, sexual harassment, gender-based violence, and intimate partner violence) and online violence (e.g., cyber interpersonal violence), across different social and cultural contexts and among various population groups, including minorities and vulnerable groups (e.g., elderly women). By enriching our understandin

The book is devoted to the fundamental aspects of the non-equilibrium statistical mechanics of many-particle systems. The concept of Zubarev’s approach, which generalizes the notion of Gibbs’ ensembles, and introduces a nonequilibrium statistical operator, providing an adequate basis for dealing with strongly correlated systems that are governed by nonperturbative phenomena, such as the formation of bound states, quantum condensates and the instability of the vacuum. Besides a general introduction to the formalism, this book contains contributions devoted to the applications of Zubarev’s method to the solution of modern problems in different fields of physics: transport theory, hydrodynamics, high-energy physics, quark-gluon plasma and hadron production in heavy-ion collisions. The book provides valuable information for researchers and students in these fields, requiring powerful concepts to solve fundamental problems of non-equilibrium phenomena in strongly Related Books Entropy and

This book presents numerical, experimental, and analytical analysis of convective and radiative heat transfer in various engineering and natural systems, including transport phenomena in heat exchangers and furnaces, cooling of electronic heat-generating elements, and thin-film flows in various technical systems. It is well known that such heat transfer mechanisms are dominant in the systems under consideration. Therefore, in-depth study of these regimes is vital for both the growth of industry and the preservation of natural resources. The authors included in this book present insightful and provocative studies on convective and radiative heat transfer using modern analytical techniques. This book will be very useful for academics, engineers, and advanced students. Related Books Heat Transfer in Engineering Engineering Computational Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Engineering Heat Transfer Analysis Engineering Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow 2021 Engineering Numerical Heat T

The main difficulty of radiotherapy is to destroy cancer cells without depletion of healthy tissue. Stem cells and cancers are tightly interrelated. On one hand, radiosensitivity/radioressistance of cancer stem cells affects the radiocurability of tumors. On the other hand, radiosensitivity is responsible for the stem cell depletion of organs at risk exposed to irradiation. Efficient solide cancer destruction is limited by the preservation of organ homeostasis. For this reason, targeted irradiation is an effective cancer therapy, but damage inflicted to normal tissues surrounding the tumor may cause severe complications. The consequences of stem cell depletion of healthy tissue irradiated are acute and chronic radiation diseases. Research on the radiosensitivity of cancer stem cells and adult stem cells associated with tissue regeneration medicine will bring forth the solution for optimal radiocurability associated with long-term patients’ quality of life. Related Books Effects of I

The Spanish nation has been contested almost since its conception in the early nineteenth century, and the Spanish state has therefore been involved in perpetual conflicts between various nationalisms, particularly between different versions of Spanish nationalism as well as between Spanish majority nationalism and various minority nationalisms. At different times in history, the conflicts have revived and turned into organizing principles of the political communities in Spain, as communities in conflict or contention but, nevertheless, as communities providing the Spaniards with different senses of belonging. In recent times, both lines of contention have been activated again, and in this volume, we focus particularly on the conflict between majority and minority nationalism, which has been revived from approximately 2010 around the Catalan separatist conflict, but other sub-state identities are potentially conflictual as well. Both the state-wide – Spanish – as well as the sub-state

Advanced high-strength steels play an important role in many industries and engineering applications because of the excellent combination of mechanical properties important for design, e.g., strength, fatigue, fracture, wear, and manufacturability. In many challenging applications, structural components can be subjected to severe service conditions and, therefore, high-strength steels are often the only choice in these applications. Therefore, understanding the relationships between the mechanical properties and the chemical composition, microstructural features, and manufacturing methods is pivotal to developing safe and durable structures.The goal of this book is to foster a dissemination of the latest research outcomes in the field of advanced high-strength steels from various perspectives. In this volume, a total of thirteen papers, addressing a number of important research problems and developments, have been collected, namely the relationship between microstructure and mechanic

The demand for cast iron components, with weights ranging from a few kilograms to several tons, has increased significantly in recent years, both for technical and economic reasons. In fact, the lower cost compared to other alloys, and the good castability, which allow one to obtain near-net shape components in as-cast conditions, and the mechanical properties that can be obtained, are just some of the motivations that attract mechanical designers. However, correct design requires a good knowledge of the intrinsic correlation among alloy chemical composition, process parameters, microstructure (with casting defects) and mechanical properties. This book is aimed at collecting excellent and recent research experimental and theoretical works in this filed. Technological (say, wear resistance and weldability) and mechanical properties (say, Young modulus, static and fatigue strength) of different grades of cast irons, ranging from solution strengthened ferritic ductile iron to compacted g

Nanoimprint Lithography (NIL) has been an interesting and growing field in recent years since its beginnings in the mid-1990s. During that time, nanoimprinting has undergone significant changes and developments and nowadays is a technology used in R&D labs and industrial production processes around the world. One of the exciting things about nanoimprinting process is its remarkable versatility and the broad range of applications. This reprint includes ten articles, which represent a small glimpse of the challenges and possibilities of this technology. Six contributions deal with nanoimprint processes aiming at specific applications, while the other four papers focus on more general aspects of nanoimprint processes or present novel materials. Several different types of nanoimprint processes are used: plate-to-plate, roll-to-plate, and roll-to-roll. Plate-to-plate NIL here also includes the use of soft and flexible stamps. The application fields in this reprint are broad and can be id

Several families of Diptera are the vectors of agents that critically concern veterinary and public health. Outbreaks of diseases, such as leishmaniosis, bluetongue, dengue, and West Nile, are becoming increasingly common worldwide. This reprint contains novel information on the occurrence of mosquitoes in different habitats of Europe, Brazil, and Mexico. It also covers the molecular approaches used to assess the distribution of mosquitoes in Belgium and Africa. Studies focused on biting midges, black flies, and sand flies are also included in this reprint. Both the identification of nocturnal activity and molecular properties of Culicoides vector species in Europe as well as DNA barcoding techniques of black fly species in North Africa were conducted. Moreover, a first record of a sand fly species in Spain is documented in this reprint. Related Books Fly Biology, Ecology, Behavior and Management Biology & Life Sciences Molecular Biology of Disease Vectors Biology & Life Sciences Un

This reprint focuses on the applied research on remote sensing technologies for road monitoring and extraction. Innovative and multidisciplinary approaches on road distress assessment using spaceborne, aerial, and terrestrial platforms, in different experimental surroundings, have garnered interest and need to be included more in regular road maintenance surveys. The development of high-performance technologies, such as Very High-Resolution Satellite Imagery and Unmanned Aircraft Systems, are promising to achieve extraordinary results, and the development of standardized methodologies is focal for integration with standard field surveys and reference legislation. Special attention is given to spaceborne, airborne, and terrestrial platforms, UAV and UGV, Pavement Management Systems (PMS), GIS modeling for management plan, AI, deep learning, data fusion, geomatics, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), LiDAR, and laser scanning, among others.

Fixed point theory arose from the Banach contraction principle and has been studied for a long time. Its application mostly relies on the existence of solutions to mathematical problems that are formulated from economics and engineering. After the existence of solutions is guaranteed, the numerical methodology will be established to obtain the approximated solution. Fixed points of function depend heavily on the considered spaces that are defined using the intuitive axioms. In particular, variant metrics spaces are proposed, like a partial metric space, b-metric space, fuzzy metric space and probabilistic metric space, etc. Different spaces will result in different types of fixed point theorems. In other words, there are a lot of different types of fixed point theorems in the literature. Therefore, this Special Issue welcomes survey articles. Articles that unify the different types of fixed point theorems are also very welcome. The topics of this Special Issue include the following: F

Over the few coming decades, bio-based and biodegradable plastics produced from sustainable bioresources should essentially substitute the prevalent synthetic plastics produced from exhaustible hydrocarbon fossils.  To the greatest extend, this innovative trend has to apply to the packaging manufacturing area and especially to food packaging implementation. To supply the rapid production increment of biodegradable plastics, there must be provided the effective development of scientific-technical potential that promotes the comprehensive exploration of their structural, functional, and dynamic characteristics. In this regard, the transition from passive barrier materials preventing water and oxygen transport as well as bacteria infiltration to active functional packaging that ensures gas diffusion selectivity, antiseptics' and other modifiers' release should be based on the thorough study of biopolymer crystallinity, morphology, diffusivity, controlled biodegradability and life cycle a

This Reprint focuses on recent studies on the seismic performance evaluation and improvement of infrastructures, including buildings and bridges. The development and application of base isolators and dampers to enhance the seismic resilience of structures is of particular interest. In addition, multi-hazard assessment considering earthquakes and other hazards such as fire and pedestrian-induced vibration is another interest. The adopted research techniques include the traditional finite element method, experimental tests, and the up-to-date machine learning-based approach. Related Books Seismic Analysis and Design of Building Structures Engineering Advanced Methods for Seismic Performance Evaluation of Building Structures Engineering Seismic Assessment and Design of Structures Engineering Research on the Seismic Design of Steel Frames Engineering Structural Seismic Design and Evaluation Engineering The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Book

Among the strategies for reducing the negative effects on the environment effected by the uncontrolled consumption and low potential for the recovery of conventional plastics, the synthesis of new biodegradable and recyclable plastics represents one of the most promising methods for minimizing the negative effects of conventional non-biodegradable plastics. The spectrum of existing biodegradable materials is still very narrow; thus, to achieve greater applicability, research is being carried out on biodegradable polymer mixtures, the synthesis of new polymers, and the incorporation of new stabilizers for thermal degradation, alongside the use of other additives such as antibacterials or new and more sustainable plasticizers. Some studies analyze direct applications, such as shape memory foams, new cartilage implants, drug release, etc.The reader can find several studies on the degradation of biodegradable polymers under composting conditions; however, novel bacteria that degrade poly

Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) of the lung are important contributors to pulmonary immune functions and to pulmonary development and alveolar repair mechanisms following lung injury. AECI, together with the capillary endothelium, form the extremely thin barrier between alveolar air and blood. AECII produce and metabolize the surface-tension lowering and immune-modulating surfactant and are the progentiors of AECI. A great variety of processes rely on their normal functioning, including maintenance of the alveolar barrier; innate immune defense; and processes of differentiation, senescence, apoptosis, and autophagy. The wide range of AEC functions is nicely reflected by the diversity of topics addressed by the four review and eight original articles contained in this Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Beyond the broad spectrum of topics, the authors of this issue also made use of an impressive variety of analytical methods, thus further illustrating the

Among the strategies for reducing the negative effects on the environment effected by the uncontrolled consumption and low potential for the recovery of conventional plastics, the synthesis of new biodegradable and recyclable plastics represents one of the most promising methods for minimizing the negative effects of conventional non-biodegradable plastics. The spectrum of existing biodegradable materials is still very narrow; thus, to achieve greater applicability, research is being carried out on biodegradable polymer mixtures, the synthesis of new polymers, and the incorporation of new stabilizers for thermal degradation, alongside the use of other additives such as antibacterials or new and more sustainable plasticizers. Some studies analyze direct applications, such as shape memory foams, new cartilage implants, drug release, etc.The reader can find several studies on the degradation of biodegradable polymers under composting conditions; however, novel bacteria that degrade poly

Asthma is a multifaceted and puzzling disease. In the present book, well-known scholars offer their expert opinions and revise aspects of our current knowledge of this disease. Using new data (available in the upcoming Global Asthma Network study) on the epidemiology of asthma to explore the everlasting ‘chicken-or-egg’ conundrum,  the authors present clear information on topics such as new biological treatments, new approaches to inhalation combination therapy or sublingual immunotherapy, and present an in-depth exploration of old and new risk factors related to the novel epidemics of non-communicable diseases such as obesity. Regarding the ‘chicken-or-egg’ conundrum, the book offers some information on asthma inception and how this could relate to early lung development. Both editors are grateful for the time and effort that the authors have put into this project, and hope that this book will help healthcare providers to gain a better understanding of this complex disease. Related

The book includes original research and review articles covering different aspects of the exploitation of bioactive compounds recovered from vegetables and plants as natural ingredients for nutraceutical purposes and for crop protection. Innovative approaches for the extraction of bioactives from different plant species are detailed together with up-to-date methods and results of investigations on the quali-quantitative fingerprint of the obtained extracts. Sustainability of the extraction processes is also considered, with studies focused on the reuse of agri-food industry wastes with a view to a circular economy. Additionally, biotechnological and microbial-based approches are addressed with studies aiming for the recovery of biactives from bacterial and fungi microrganisms and using microrganisms to improve the bioactives' extraction performances. In vivo tests and in vitro bioassays to support biological activity of purified compounds, complex extracts and/or combined extracts de

This book discusses the geological time that will follow the human-dominated epoch and ways to move there. In addition to an editorial, a total of five articles are published in this volume. The articles engage with a variety of social science disciplines—ranging from economics and sociology to philosophy and political science—and connect to natural science’s insights into the Anthropocene. The volume calls for going beyond anthropocentrism in sustainability theory and practice in order to exit the Anthropocene with applications and insights in the contexts of politics, energy, tourism, food and management. We hope that you will find this book interesting and helpful in contributing to sustainable change. Related Books Faith after the Anthropocene Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities ... Tropical Forest Ecology and Management for the Anthropocene Biology & Life Sciences ... Historical Ecology, Archaeology and Biocultural Landscapes: Cross-Disciplinary Approaches to the Long Anthropocene

In recent years, numerous advances have been made in the area of conservation methodologies and practices for architectural cultural heritage. The use of innovative technologies and multidisciplinary approaches can be considered valuable tools to support the conservation, fruition, rehabilitation, and valorization of historical–artistic buildings, which are usually subject to protective restrictions and therefore require non-invasive or micro-destructive diagnostic analyses. This reprint collects research articles on architectural heritage conservation, focusing on materials science, diagnostics and monitoring, chemical analysis, intervention, civil and materials engineering, green materials, and the use of innovative digital technologies.

This book compiles four review articles and four research papers that highlight recent developments in the field of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) chemistry and biomedicine. The review articles encompass a variety of fields related to PNA, emphasizing the versatility of this DNA mimic. Two excellent reviews detail the use of PNA for molecular diagnostics of miRNAs and genetic point mutations (SNPs). Another review provides a comprehensive analysis of the various approaches for gene editing using chemically modified PNA molecules. Lastly, PNA molecules are elegantly described as effective (antisense) antimicrobial agents in the final review. The high binding affinity of PNA to complementary DNA and RNA is highlighted in three research articles. Two articles show how PNA molecules act as splice modulating and RNA masking molecules, separately. In another contribution, the high affinity and achiral characteristics of PNAs are used to developed a stable L-DNA-based catalytic hairpin assembly.

Natural toxins are a diverse group of toxic compounds that are naturally produced by living organisms. Possessing various structures, natural toxins demonstrate different biological functions and toxicity. While these compounds are not harmful to the organisms producing them, via different exposure routes, they can reach human and animal bodies and can cause adverse health effects. Chemical diversity, occurrence at low levels, and presence in complex matrices make the reliable detection of natural toxins a persistent analytical challenge. Exposure to natural toxins needs to be studied and monitored; therefore, the availability of robust, sensitive and fit-for-purpose analytical methods for the detection, screening and/or quantification of various groups of natural toxins is crucial. Importantly, continuous advances in analytical methodologies are essential not only for accurate identification and quantification but also for exposure assessment, biomonitoring, and clinical diagnostics. This Special Issue (SI) is dedicated to the analysis of natural toxins via multi-analyte methods. The SI provides a collection of articles that emphasize the simultaneous detection of multiple toxins, showcase innovations in sample preparation, and expand the applicability fields of toxin detection across food, feed, and human biomonitoring.

The reliability of high-voltage equipment is critical to the safe operation of the power grid. This reprint focuses on the new developments and advances in both fundamental and applied research on the testing, monitoring, and diagnostics of high-voltage equipment, including insulators, transformers, etc. Related Books Dielectric Insulation in Medium- and High-Voltage Power Equipment—Degradation and Failure Mechanism, Diagnostics, and Electrical Parameters Improvement Engineering High Voltage Engineering and Applications Engineering Advances in Diagnostic Analysis, Strategic Management, and Proactive Maintenance of Electrical Equipment Engineering Power Transformer Diagnostics, Monitoring and Design Features Engineering Simulation and Analysis of High Voltage Engineering in Power Systems Engineering The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibil

This collection of articles focuses on different aspects of the study of organic conductors. Recent progress in both theoretical and experimental studies is covered in this Special Issue. Papers on a wide variety of studies are categorized into representative topics of chemistry and physics. Besides classical studies on the crystalline organic conductors, applied studies on semiconducting thin films and a number of new topics shared with inorganic materials are also discussed. Related Books Advances in Organic Conductors and Superconductors Chemistry & Materials Science Ceramic Conductors Chemistry & Materials Science Advances and Challenges in Organic Electronics Chemistry & Materials Science Conductive Polymers Chemistry & Materials Science ... Organic Optoelectronics: Photoelectronic Conversion Materials, Physics and Devices Chemistry & Materials Science The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI