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This Special Issue focuses on treating the associated comorbidities and complications of cerebral palsy. Increased prescription of technology means that we are treating some comorbidities of cerebral palsy earlier or even pre-emptively. Increased life expectancy, compared with 20 years ago, means that we are also seeing even later complications of cerebral palsy. However, increased access to intensive medical care at home, non-invasive ventilation, and total parenteral nutrition now exist. There is also greater engagement with the perspectives and expectations of parents/carers and children. As society begins to discuss mental health more openly, we are also starting to recognise the significant two-way associations between disability and mental health. Ethical consultation may be warranted when harm with treatment exceeds the benefit. As we prepare children with cerebral palsy for adulthood, there is more thought and discussion around issues such as pain, mental health, quality of l

The plant toxin ricin is one of the most potent and lethal substances known. Due to its wide availability and the ease of production, ricin has been exploited as an agent of bioterrorism and biological warfare and is classified as a level B threat. Tons of ricin are produced annually worldwide as a by-product of castor oil, leading to exposure. Currently, there is no proven safe treatment for ricin intoxication. Ricin consists of an active A subunit (RTA) covalently linked to a cell binding B subunit (RTB). RTA depurinates a universally conserved adenine in the sarcin–ricin loop (SRL) of the large rRNA and inhibits protein synthesis. RTA-antibody complexes have been explored as immunotoxins against cancer cells. The articles published in this book address the history of ricin research, how ricin enters cells and traffics to the ribosome, how it inactivates ribosomes, how it induces inflammatory signaling pathways and programmed cell death, the design of therapies against ricin intoxi

The importance of evapotranspiration is well-established in different disciplines such as hydrology, agronomy, climatology, and other geosciences. Reliable estimates of evapotranspiration are also vital to develop criteria for in-season irrigation management, water resource allocation, long-term estimates of water supply, demand and use, design and management of water resources infrastructure, and evaluation of the effect of land use and management changes on the water balance. The objective of this Special Issue is to define and discuss several ET terms, including potential, reference, and actual (crop) ET, and present a wide spectrum of innovative research papers and case studies. Related Books Remote Sensing of Evapotranspiration (ET) Biology & Life Sciences Sustainable Management and Regulation of Agricultural Water Resources in the Context of Global Climate Change Biology & Life Sciences Advances in the Ecohydrology of Arid Lands Environmental & Earth Sciences Advances in Ecohy

This book introduces the recent technologies introduced for gases capture including CO2, CO, SO2, H2S, NOx, and H2. Various processes and theories for gas capture and removal are presented. The book provides a useful source of information for engineers and specialists, as well as for undergraduate and postgraduate students in the fields of environmental and chemical science and engineering. Related Books CO2 Capture and Conversion Processes Chemistry & Materials Science ... CO2 Capture and Sequestration Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities ... Carbon Capture Science & Technology (CCST) Chemistry & Materials Science ... Towards Greenhouse Gas Mitigation: Novelty in Heterogeneous Catalysis Chemistry & Materials Science ... Catalytic Processes for CO Utilization Chemistry & Materials Science ... The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales

Natura is a polysemic Latin word that has accompanied the historical development of the West for centuries, spreading around much of the globe with colonialism and imperialism. It has been adopted in numerous languages. Our relationship with nature has become a highly charged issue at least since the "ecological turn" around 1970. It is as much about the relationship of humans to the environment as it is about the relationship of humans to each other. In the course of these debates, research has intensified in various disciplines: history, anthropology, philosophy, literature, ecology, etc. The nine contributions gathered in this volume deal with the dimension of perception and its long-term development from the Middle Ages to the present time. They trace in detail how images of nature were adopted, modified, and transmitted for specific purposes in specific situations. The introduction to the volume provides an overview and brings the contributions together. Related Books Nature,

Nowadays, forecast applications are receiving unprecedent attention thanks to their capability to improve the decision-making processes by providing useful indications. A large number of forecast approaches related to different forecast horizons and to the specific problem that have to be predicted have been proposed in recent scientific literature, from physical models to data-driven statistic and machine learning approaches. In this Special Issue, the most recent and high-quality researches about forecast are collected. A total of nine papers have been selected to represent a wide range of applications, from weather and environmental predictions to economic and management forecasts. Finally, some applications related to the forecasting of the different phases of COVID in Spain and the photovoltaic power production have been presented. Related Books Feature Papers of Forecasting 2021 Computer Science & Mathematics ... Advanced Methods for Time Series Forecasting Biology & Life Scienc

Biosensing and diagnosis are multidisciplinary fields that integrate advanced technological principles with biological sciences to develop sensitive and specific analytical tools for detecting, measuring, and assessing various analytes, including biomolecules, chemicals, and environmental contaminants. They are crucial for healthcare, environmental monitoring, food safety, and other sectors where accurate and sensitive detection is essential. Moreover, the field of biosensing and diagnosis is rapidly evolving, driven by advancements in nanotechnology, materials science, informatics, and artificial intelligence. These innovations are enabling the development of more accurate, rapid, and cost-effective diagnostic tools that can be used in various settings, from clinical laboratories to point-of-care environments, and even for remote monitoring. Overall, biosensing and diagnosis play a significant role in advancing precision medicine, enhancing patient outcomes, and fostering a proactive and personalized approach to healthcare.

The Special Issue “Religion and Change” covers a broad range of religious perspectives. As such, there is not a specific focus tying together all essays; rather, all contributions fall under the categorization of fluctuating religious paradigms. The development of various religious traditions surrounding doctrinal and ethical issues, Jewish messianism, metaphysics and phenomenology, reformation politics, and interreligious dialogue are all treated in this volume. The Orthodox Christian approach to religious and philosophical issues regarding healthcare and disability receives particular attention.

This Reprint brings together feature articles on obesity and weight loss treatments, with a multidisciplinary focus on clinical nutrition, public health and emerging technologies. It covers obesity as a complex chronic condition linked to metabolic, cardiovascular and psychosocial outcomes, and examines weight loss strategies from historical, cultural, anthropometric, biomarker-based and molecular perspectives. The contributions address slimming diets, body composition changes, nutrigenomics, the microbiome, gene–environment interactions, and the role of digital tools such as mobile applications, wearable devices and other innovative technologies. By combining reviews and original research, the Reprint provides an updated overview for researchers, clinicians and health professionals interested in safe, evidence-based and personalized approaches to obesity care.

This Special Issue was inspired by the 11th International Workshop on Numerical and Evolutionary Optimization (NEO 2024), held from 3 to 6 September 2024 in Mexico City, Mexico, and hosted by Cinvestav. Solving real-world scientific and engineering problems has always been a challenge, and the complexity of these tasks has increased in recent years as more sources of data and information have been continuously developed. Thus, the design and analysis of powerful search and optimization techniques is of great importance. Two well-established fields that focus on this task are (i) traditional numerical optimization techniques and (ii) bio-inspired metaheuristic methods. Both of these general approaches have unique strengths and weaknesses, allowing researchers to solve certain challenging problems while failing to solve others. The goal of the NEO workshop series is to gather experts from both fields to discuss, compare, and merge these complementary perspectives. Collaborative work allows researchers to maximize the strengths and minimize the weaknesses of both paradigms. NEO also intends to help researchers in these fields to understand and tackle real-world problems like pattern recognition, routing, energy, lines of production, prediction, and modeling, among others.

Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents are relevant both in terms of their prevalence (they are roughly estimated to affect about 20\% of school-aged children and adolescents) and of their impact on the quality of life of the child/adolescent and their family, but also on the society as a whole. Disorders affecting children and adolescents are increasingly seen as having highly specific features, and, therefore, require an equally specific approach despite the coexisting need to integrate contributions from other professions (e.g., pediatricians, psychiatrists, psychologists, and therapists of different sorts). However, the available data are still insufficient, especially for treatment options and too often therapeutic choices are still made based on studies conducted in adults. Even more important, the existence itself of some disorders is questioned especially outside the scientific field (e.g., ADHD). This Special Issue provided cutting edge data on different aspects of

This book focuses on the analysis, design and implementation of future smart grid systems. This book contains eleven chapters, which were originally published after rigorous peer-review as a Special Issue in the International Journal of Energies (Basel). The chapters cover a range of work from authors across the globe and present both the state-of-the-art and emerging paradigms across a range of topics including sustainability planning, regulations and policy, estimation and situational awareness, energy forecasting, control and optimization and decentralisation. This book will be of interest to researchers, practitioners and scholars working in areas related to future smart grid systems. Related Books The Future of Energy Systems Engineering Emerging and Advanced Green Energy Technologies for Sustainable and Resilient Future Grid Engineering Methods and Concepts for Designing and Validating Smart Grid Systems Engineering Smart Energy Management for Smart Grids Engineering Advanced

Active flow control (AFC) utilizes local active perturbations to induce changes in global flow behavior that result in aero/hydrodynamic performance improvement. It has been a vibrant research area with potential applications in a wide range of engineering fields. This Special Issue is a collection of 11 excellent research papers published in Actuators, showcasing and discussing new advances in both fundamental and applied AFC technologies. Related Books Active Flow Control Engineering Flow Control, Active and Passive Applications Engineering Smart Flow Control Processes in Micro Scale Engineering Smart Flow Control Processes in Micro Scale Engineering Thermal Fluid Dynamics and Control in Aerospace Engineering The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: Book Ser

The present book recapitulates the articles published within the Special Issue "Cartilage Repair and Regeneration: Focus on Multi-Disciplinary Strategies", Applied Sciences, MDPI, dealing with the innovative multi-disciplinary therapeutic approaches for musculoskeletal diseases. In particular the published studies space from advanced 3D bioprinting technology to obtain a scaffold with different zonal cell densities, and biphasic scaffold (ChondroMimetic) construction, pass through the comparison of different techniques for cartilage regeneration such as of mosaicplasty and matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT) and histopathological features of osteochondral units, and end with the considerations regarding development of bioreactors able to mimic the biomechanical load on chondrocytes in vitro, giving some interesting insights in this specific scientific field. Related Books Joint Repair and Replacement: Clinical Updates and Perspectives Medicine & Pharmacolog

Parks and protected areas provide important services to nature and society. Park managers make difficult decisions to achieve their diverse mandates, and need current, relevant, and rigorous information. However, effective use of research provided by social scientists, natural scientists, local people, or Indigenous people is an ongoing challenge. Through case studies, this book examines knowledge mobilization in parks and protected areas, with a focus on successes and failures, barriers and enablers, diverse theoretical frameworks, and structural innovations. This book embraces the generation and use of knowledge, especially natural science, social science, local knowledge, and Indigenous knowledge, in relation to policy, planning, and management of parks and protected areas. Related Books National Parks and Protected Areas Environmental & Earth Sciences Biodiversity and Protected Areas Biology & Life Sciences Protected Areas in Forest Conservation: Challenges and Opportunities Soc

This Reprint focuses on polymeric materials, specifically copolymers, and their various applications. Research on polymers has significantly increased in recent years, yielding new insights into how they can enhance existing technologies and systems. Currently, researchers have access to a variety of polymerization techniques that are capable of polymerizing most monomers, thus creating block copolymers (BCPs) with advanced properties, such as self-healing, self-assembly, high biocompatibility, and responsiveness. Numerous studies have been published on the potential applications and benefits of BCPs, demonstrating their substantial scientific, societal, and economic impacts. However, several challenges remain in their development and utilization, including issues related to synthetic procedures, scalability, the use of biocompatible materials, and advanced high-tech applications. This Reprint addresses these challenges, as well as various synthetic approaches to producing copolymers, and explores a range of topics in polymer science, including molecular and morphological characterization, crystallinity, self-assembly, renewable copolymers, structure–property relationships, molecular dynamics, biomaterials, thermal properties, amphiphilic properties, scaling up production, reaction kinetics, CO2 responsiveness, magnetic properties, nanomaterials, rheology, drug encapsulation, and chemical modification reactions.

This reprint includes 16 original articles published in a Special Issue that focuses on the pathological significance of amyloid-β in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, the main cause of dementia. Collections in this reprint provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potentials of repositioning drugs and new agents for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of innovative strategies for the prevention and treatment of such diseases. Related Books Biomolecular Approaches and Drugs for Neurodegeneration Biology & Life Sciences Commemorative Issue Celebrating the 20th Anniversary of the Alzheimer’s Foundation of America: Understanding and Treating Alzheimer’s Disease Medicine & Pharmacology Novel Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease Biology & Life Sciences ... Neurobiology Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders Biology & Life Sciences ... Molecular Research of Alzheimer's Dise

Cosmological models are mathematical frameworks designed to describe the evolution and large-scale behavior of the Universe, grounded in observational evidence and primarily based on general relativity. By extending or modifying the gravitational sector, these models lead to different field equations and distinct cosmological implications, playing a central role in modern cosmology and shaping our understanding of fundamental physical phenomena. Among them, inflationary models provide compelling solutions to key problems of standard Big Bang cosmology, such as the flatness and horizon problems, while also offering mechanisms for the generation of primordial density perturbations responsible for the formation of large-scale structure. Measurements of cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies and polarization are of particular importance for probing early-Universe physics and testing these scenarios, as well as models involving matter creation and primordial metric fluctuations. At late times, observational evidence for large-scale structure and cosmic acceleration points to the existence of dark matter and a nonzero cosmological constant, motivating the ΛCDM model as the current standard cosmological paradigm. Beyond isotropic descriptions, anisotropic cosmological models and theories based on generalized geometric frameworks, such as Finsler geometry, have also been developed to explore possible extensions of the spacetime structure. This Special Issue provides an overview of these developments on standard cosmological models, inflationary cosmology, the ΛCDM model, anisotropic cosmologies and Finsler cosmology.

This Special Issue is entitled “Gurus, Priestesses, Saints, Mediums, and Yoginis: Holy Women as ‘Influencers’ in Hindu Culture” and features emerging research on holy women from different disciplinary perspectives. Applying the “influencer” concept to the study of religion, the volume explores the varieties of strategies that holy women use for gaining and expressing power in diverse roles. It examines different concepts of holiness and leadership for men and women, the role of charisma, and the arenas of activity and accomplishment for holy women in India and abroad. By relating a new idea—that of the ‘influencer’—to the study of women and religious authority, the Issue contributes fresh and refined analyses and explanatory models toward a greater understanding of women’s evolving relationship to the Hindu tradition. As the co-editors, we are grateful to our team of contributors, peer reviewers, and the Religions editorial staff for their collaboration and enthusiasm in bringing this volume to completion.

According to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (contribution of WG III on mitigation), historical cumulative net CO2 emissions between 1850 and 2019 amount to about four-fifths of the total carbon budget for a 50\% probability of limiting global warming to 1.5°C. Progressing towards net-zero GHG emissions is therefore necessary, both in new constructions and by retrofitting existing buildings. This Special Issue deals with novel solutions for reaching this objective and, particularly, new zero-carbon building concepts and low-carbon construction products, e.g., bio-based materials; low-carbon equipment for heating, cooling, hot-water production, ventilation, and lighting; integration of renewable energy systems in buildings; energy-efficient building management and control systems; and applications of IoT and/or AI in buildings.

This Special Issue explores empirical studies of emotional mechanisms, qualitative and quantitative measurements of emotion, the recognition of emotional contexts, and the application of emotion. We introduce fourteen papers, ranging from lab-based studies aimed at understanding emotional mechanisms to applying emotion recognition in the real world (e.g., in driving, games, education, and virtual avatars). This Special Issue explores empirical studies of emotional mechanisms, qualitative and quantitative measurements of emotion, the recognition of emotional contexts, and the application of emotion. We introduce fourteen papers, ranging from lab-based studies aimed at understanding emotional mechanisms to applying emotion recognition in the real world (e.g., in driving, games, education, and virtual avatars). Related Books Ability-Related Emotional Intelligence: Knowns, Unknowns, and Future Directions Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities Ubiquitous Technologies for Emotion Recognition

Although sphingolipids are ubiquitous components of cellular membranes, their abundance in cells is generally lower than glycerolipids or cholesterol, representing less than 20\% of total lipid mass. Following their discovery in the brain—which contains the largest amounts of sphingolipids in the body—and first description in 1884 by J.L.W. Thudichum, sphingolipids have been overlooked for almost a century, perhaps due to their complexity and enigmatic nature. When sphingolipidoses were discovered, a series of inherited diseases caused by enzyme mutations involved in sphingolipid degradation returned to the limelight. The essential breakthrough came decades later, in the 1990s, with the discovery that sphingolipids were not just structural elements of cellular membranes but intra- and extracellular signaling molecules. It turned out that their lipid backbones, including ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate, had selective physiological functions. Thus, sphingolipids emerged as essential

One of the most important breakthroughs of the 20th century was the discovery of how short RNA molecules from the genomic “dark matter” can control invasive genetic elements or fine-tune endogenous gene expression. The collective name of these pathways is RNA interference (RNAi), or “gene silencing”, and the main players here are short, single-stranded RNA molecules in complex with Argonaute proteins. The scientific significance of these small RNA-based regulatory pathways was recognized by the awarding of the Nobel Prize in 2006 for the discovery of RNAi and by the recently awarded 2024 Nobel Prize for the discovery of miRNAs. This reprint is mainly a tribute to the diversity of the miRNA pathway. The selected articles provide an overview not only of some molecular aspects of the maturation of these tiny regulators but also provide evidence of how miRNAs control cell proliferation and differentiation and how their misregulation could lead to the formation of various types of cancer. As certain gene therapy applications also involve miRNA-based strategies, the importance of understanding the molecular details of this pathway clearly extends beyond pure scientific interest. This collection of articles not only presents scientific discoveries using cutting-edge technologies in several model systems but also provides evidence of how modern molecular genetics, as well as molecular medicine, can benefit from an in-depth understanding of the miRNA pathway.

The topics and methods covered by the papers in this Special Issue reflect the unique interdisciplinarity of the study of family names and names in general. It includes papers related to name origins, linguistic development, distribution, heredity, and sociocultural factors, showing how vibrant and varied the field has become. When considered together, and in the context of previous research on names, the papers in this Special Issue show that the study of family names continues to develop in new and interesting ways, and that they can be acknowledged as a significant site of research from a wide range of perspectives.