Perpustakaan Digital

This reprint compiles the articles, communications, and review articles from top researchers describing novel or new cutting-edge designs, developments, and/or applications of unmanned vehicles. This reprint encompasses the key topics related to drone design, communications as well as autonomous Flight and Navigation. Special attention is paid to the drones’ applications to environmental and earth sciences, including in agriculture, forestry, water, and marine environments; other innovative applications are also explored including in relation to the field of application, such as the inclusion of new deep learning techniques. Related Books Feature Papers of Drones Volume I Environmental & Earth Sciences ... Innovative Technologies and Services for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Computer Science & Mathematics Design, Simulation and New Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Computer Science & Mathematics ... Design, Simulation and New Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Computer Scie

This book contains original peer-reviewed articles written by some of the most prominent international physicists active in the field of hydrodynamics. The topic is entirely devoted to the study of the transitional regimes of incompressible viscous flow found at the onset of turbulent flows. Nine articles written for this 2020 Special Issue of the journal Entropy (MDPI) have been gathered at the crossroads of fluid mechanics, statistical physics, complexity theory, and applied mathematics. They include experimental, analytic, and computational material of an academic level that has not been published anywhere else. Related Books Intermittency and Self-Organisation in Turbulence and Statistical Mechanics Computer Science & Mathematics Thermal Flows Engineering Turbulence and Flow–Sediment Interactions in Open-Channel Flows Environmental & Earth Sciences ... Recent Advances in Fluid Mechanics: Feature Papers, 2022 Computer Science & Mathematics ... Modelling Flows in Pipes and Channels

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder with strong associations with cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, metabolic, and cognitive consequences. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) treatment is the first-line therapy for adults with OSA who are symptomatic. However, many individuals with comorbidities do not report symptoms associated with OSA, and adherence to CPAP is poor, especially in individuals with the non-sleepy OSA phenotype. This reprint contains further updates on the current perspectives on the treatment of OSA in order to highlight multidisciplinary approaches, personalized treatment strategies, and identification of the predictors of response to treatment, both in the general population and in clinical cohorts. Reviews regarding the present and future of physiological traits and the use of telemedicine and machine learning are of particular interest.

This reprint contains 15 articles from the Special Issue of the MDPI journal Processes on "Machine Learning-Assisted Intelligent Processing and Optimization of Complex Systems". These articles focus on the most recent developments in intelligent optimization methods and their applications in various test cases. The reprint covers various topics, including distributed multiagent modeling, metaheuristic algorithms, multisource data fusion, mobile computing and mobile sensing, machine learning-based intelligent processing for modeling complex manufacturing systems, and data-driven intelligent modeling.Focusing on the abovementioned subjects, this reprint can be useful for researchers interested in intelligent optimization techniques and their applications in the fields of artificial intelligence and machine learning. We believe that this reprint will encourage the convergence between many communities. Related Books Computational Intelligence and Machine Learning Computer Science & Math

This reprint compiles the articles, communications, and review articles from top researchers describing novel or new cutting-edge designs, developments, and/or applications of unmanned vehicles. This reprint encompasses the key topics related to drone design, communications as well as autonomous Flight and Navigation. Special attention is paid to the drones’ applications to environmental and earth sciences, including in agriculture, forestry, water, and marine environments; other innovative applications are also explored including in relation to the field of application, such as the inclusion of new deep learning techniques. Related Books Feature Papers of Drones Volume II Environmental & Earth Sciences ... Innovative Technologies and Services for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Computer Science & Mathematics Design, Simulation and New Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Computer Science & Mathematics ... Design, Simulation and New Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Computer Sci

The study of causality examines the relations and regularities found in a given environment that are stronger than merely probabilistic relations, in the sense that a causal relation allows for evaluating a change in the consequence given a change in the cause. Causation is crucial not only for predictive accuracy but also for control, explanation, and intervention. Causality is central to much of the scientific enterprise—and even everyday life—and there has been increasing interest in recent decades in causal modeling, inference, and reasoning. Causal models enable us to perform other types of reasoning that are not possible with associative models: (i) interventions, where we want to find the effects of an external agent forcing a variable to a specific value (in contrast with merely observing that variable’s value); and (ii) counterfactuals, where we want to reason about what would have happened if certain information had been different from what actually happened. Causality usually cannot be directly observed, and so a long-standing goal of causality researchers has been causal discovery: inferring the underlying causal model from observational data. Multiple causal discovery methods have been developed and successfully applied in different fields, such as biology, medicine, and economics, among others. This Special Issue presents recent advances in causal reasoning and causal discovery based on causal graphical models, including novel applications in different domains. It includes contributions from theory to applications in the following aspects: theory, causal reasoning, causal discovery, and applications.

This Special Issue was initiated by Prof. Ralph Kenna (August 27, 1964–October 26, 2023), who, at the time, was a member of the Entropy Editorial Board and it is dedicated to his memory. Universality is a striking feature of critical phenomena, and its origin is largely illuminated by the renormalization group. Universality allows for the essential aspects of critical behaviour in complex physical systems to be captured through highly simplified models, where only key components such as spatial dimensionality, symmetry, and interaction range are retained. Both theoretical models and real systems are thus grouped into universality classes, which are characterised by sets of critical exponents connected through scaling relations. When these relations explicitly involve dimensionality, they are referred to as hyperscaling. In many systems with a high degree of connectivity, mean-field theory provides accurate predictions independently of spatial dimension, leading to the common assertion that hyperscaling breaks down in such cases. However, this conventional view has been reconsidered in light of recent renormalization group developments, which suggest mechanisms by which hyperscaling might be preserved in an extended version even above the upper critical dimension. The contributions collected in this reprint address these issues, focusing on scaling properties beyond the upper critical dimensionality as well as related challenges in the broader theory of phase transitions and critical phenomena.

This collection focuses on the legacy of Old English poetry and includes new interpretations of works such as Exeter Book Riddle 5, which provides an enduring legacy of social critique crafted through humor; the three manuscripts that contain the Solomon and Saturn dialogues, which reveal a shift in the use of poetry over time; Fates of the Apostles in which a previously  unseen eighth rune is semiotically operative along with Cynewulf’s signature; The Wife’s Lament, in which the cave occupied by the wife has its archeological antecedents in early medieval rock-cut buildings; The Ruin, in which both the poem’s text and the silent spaces of wyrd’s traces are inscribed upon the material manuscript; the history of the reception of the riddles, which is instrumental in inspiring one of the acknowledged classic ghost stories of the twentieth century; tears and weeping in the whole corpus of Old English literature; and Beowulf, in which the figures of the stag and wolf play an important ro

Visual attention is essential for environmental interactions, but our ability to respond to stimuli gradually declines across the lifespan, and such deficits are even more pronounced in various states of cognitive impairment. Examining the integrity of related components, from elements of attention capture to executive control, will improve our understanding of related declines by helping to explain behavioural and neural effects, which will ultimately contribute towards our knowledge of the extent of dysfunctional attention processes and their impact upon everyday life. Accordingly, this Special Issue represents a body of literature that fundamentally advances insights into visual attention processing, featuring studies spanning healthy ageing, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia Related Books Cognitive Aging Biology & Life Sciences ... ERP and EEG Markers of Brain Visual Attentional Processing Biology & Life Sciences ... New Trends in Cognitive Ageing and Mild Cognitive Impairme

This Reprint Book highlights and overviews the most important and novel aspects of chiral auxiliary and chirogenesis in different natural/physical sciences and in modern technologies. In particular, some newly emerging classes of molecules used for these purposes have been described.  Furthermore, some important experimental and theoretical issues associated with the chirality field have been addressed. This book consists of one review article and six research papers and is of interest for general chemistry readership, including graduate and post-graduate students, and for researchers specializing in the fields of chirality and stereochemistry Related Books Chiral Auxiliaries and Chirogenesis Chemistry & Materials Science Enantioselective Synthesis, Enantiomeric Separations and Chiral Recognition Chemistry & Materials Science Asymmetry in Biological Homochirality Biology & Life Sciences ... New Trends in Asymmetric Catalysis Chemistry & Materials Science Current Development of Asymmet

This Reprint summarises recent advancements in the science and application of boundary lubrication. The collection of articles addresses the fundamental mechanisms of friction and wear at contacting interfaces, including molecular dynamics simulations, predictive statistical models, and methodologies for tribological testing. Experimental studies emphasise the importance of advanced additives, such as MXenes and carbon quantum dots, alongside sustainable formulations derived from vegetable oils and esters. Contributions also investigate tribosystem robustness, forging processes utilising bio-based lubricants, and the integration of modelling with experimental validation. By combining theoretical insights, innovative materials research, and practical testing strategies, this Reprint provides a comprehensive overview of how boundary lubrication is evolving in response to the demands of modern machinery and sustainable engineering. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking to understand and enhance lubricant performance under challenging contact conditions.

This reprint, devoted to the centenary of the famous prediction of the universe expansion made by Alexander Friedmann, is designated not only for experts in modern cosmology but also for graduate and Ph.D. students who are going to work in the fields of gravitation, astrophysics, and cosmology.

The growing population is forcing us to look for new, more effective solutions to various problems. The rising demand for power, water supply and waste management, pedestrian safety, the efficient use of electric vehicles, traffic jams, commuting, the identification of all road users and prediction of their travel paths, and increasing air and noise levels are the most pressing issues in today’s cities. Advance planning is a feature of green development that reduces dependence on vehicles associated with an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. The development of eco-friendly cities includes the development and application of new efficient solutions and technologies, such as efficient transport management, emission control and pollution control, energy efficiency and the usage of renewable energy, resource efficiency, etc., which would ensure a better quality of life of the growing population. Related Books Innovative Technologies and Services for Smart Cities Computer Science & Mat

Pandemics have claimed millions of lives over the centuries and millennia. The bubonic plague, smallpox, cholera, and, more recently, the Spanish flu, devastated the world, causing enormous impacts on the population. With the advancement of medical knowledge, especially in infectious diseases and microbiology, it may appear that the importance of pandemics and the damage caused by them will be much less concerning in the future. However, the 2009–10 swine flu and, even more so, the COVID-19 pandemics served as wake-up calls, pointing out that even with advances in medicine, some aspects of our modern lifestyles, such as urbanization, massive sports events, or concerts, with tens of thousands of people concentrating in small areas, large indoor malls, and travel habits, may actually increase the likelihood of future pandemics, lowering the effects of the advances we have made in epidemiology. Newly emerging or mutating variants of previously known microorganisms may continue to present potential for further pandemics. This Special Issue focuses on such viruses, including chikungunya, dengue, Zika, and others with pandemic potential. We encourage discussing public health, epidemiological, pharmaceutical, immunological, and other measures that might help to avoid or at least mitigate future pandemics, to prevent the loss of lives and decrease the economic burden.

This Special Issue addresses both new scientific insights and technological advances of gluten-free product development exploring alternative ingredients for the development of gluten-free products aiming to mimic the unique viscoelastic properties of gluten as a gas retention ingredient during fermentation, water binding and enabler of starch gelatinization on baking, and a bread flavor enhancer via gluten-related proteases. Related Books Improving the Sensory, Nutritional and Technological Profile of Conventional and Gluten-Free Pasta and Bakery Products Biology & Life Sciences Effects of Plants’ Ingredients on Dough and Final Product Biology & Life Sciences Recent Advances in Cereals, Legumes and Oilseeds Grain Products Rheology and Quality Biology & Life Sciences ... Physicochemical and Sensory Evaluation of Grain-Based Food Biology & Life Sciences Trends in Grain Processing for Food Industry Biology & Life Sciences ... The recommendations have been generated using an AI system

COVID-19 is a pandemic that has forced many states to declare restrictive measures in order to prevent its wider spread. These measures are necessary to protect the health of adults, children, and people with disabilities.Long quarantine periods could cause an increase in anxiety crises, fear of contagion, and post-traumatic stress disorder (frustration, boredom, isolation, fear, insomnia, and difficulty concentrating).Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition that can develop in subjects who have witnessed a traumatic, catastrophic, or violent event, or who have become aware of a traumatic experience that happened to a loved one.In fact, from current cases, it emerges that the prevalence of PTSD varies from 1\% to 9\% in the general population and can reach 50\%–60\% in subgroups of subjects exposed to traumas considered particularly serious. PTSD develops as a consequence of one or more physical or psychological traumatic events, such as exposure to natural disasters such as

When we speak of Bayesianism, we are referring to a philosophical and statistical framework that involves the representation of degrees of belief or justification using probabilities. It is characterized by the idea that belief comes in degrees that can be formalized using the axioms of probability theory. Bayesianism involves the assessment of the rationality of degrees of belief based on a set of rules and specifies how these beliefs can be updated using Bayes' theorem based on new information or evidence. Many statistics textbooks treat frequentist statistics as the main subject and relegate Bayesian statistics to a single chapter, often near the end of the book.  The idea of this Special Issue of Entropy has been to treat Bayesian statistics as the main topic and to provide a snapshot of how Bayesian inference is understood and how it contributes to scientific endeavor today, late in the first quarter of the 21st Century.

Global immunization rates were stagnating prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, and declined further in 2020 and 2021, with substantial variation. Across countries, the level of protection afforded by immunization varies, with many countries reporting gaps in coverage of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and seasonal influenza, and many population subgroups, especially children, being left behind. In this Special Issue, we explore the latest evidence on various types of immunization across the life course at global, regional, national, and subnational levels. Exploring various dimensions of inequality—such as economic status, subnational geographic regions, sex, maternal education—and other categories, this issue includes contributions characterizing the situation of inequality, the drivers of inequality, and finally, actions and initiatives that hold promise for enhancing equity of immunization across countries. Related Books Inequality in Immunization 2024 Public Health & Healthcare 50 Years

The transition toward a circular bio-based economy represents a critical pathway for achieving sustainable development and improving quality of life for current and future generations. Central to this paradigm is the integral valorization of lignocellulosic biomass, which offers renewable sources for materials, energy, platform molecules, and chemicals. This reprint, Lignocellulosic Biomass III: From Waste to Functional Materials and Bioenergy through Biorefinery Approaches, presents a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the characterization, transformation, and application of lignocellulosic biomass and its by-products. It highlights innovative approaches to sustainable, scalable, and economically viable processes that bridge laboratory research with industrial implementation. Covering a wide range of topics, from microbial and chemical conversion strategies to the development of functional materials and bioenergy solutions, this volume serves as an authoritative reference for researchers, engineers, and practitioners engaged in biomass valorization. By systematically reviewing recent progress and showcasing cutting-edge developments, the book provides insights into how lignocellulosic biomass can be efficiently transformed into value-added products, supporting the global shift toward a more sustainable and circular bio-based economy

The aim of this Reprint is to showcase how recent advances in molecular biology and, particularly, sequencing technologies have transformed animal research across multiple disciplines. With the decreasing costs of genomic data generation and the growing availability of reference genome resources, high-throughput approaches are now applied broadly to study the genetic diversity of a wide range of species. This Special Issue collates research contributions that illustrate how modern genetic and genomic tools are reshaping our understanding of conservation biology, evolutionary processes, wildlife monitoring, and animal ecology.

This Special Issue contains selected papers from works presented at the 11th EASN (European Aeronautics Science Network) International Conference on Innovation in Aviation & Space, which was held from the 1st until the 3rd of September 2021. About 420 remote participants contributed to a high-level scientific gathering providing some of the latest research results on the topic, as well as some of the latest relevant technological advancements. Nineteen interesting papers, which cover a wide range of topics including characterization, analysis and design, as well as numerical simulation, are contained in this Special Issue. Related Books 10th EASN International Conference on Innovation in Aviation & Space to the Satisfaction of the European Citizens Engineering 12th EASN International Conference on Innovation in Aviation & Space for Opening New Horizons Engineering 9th EASN International Conference on Innovation in Aviation & Space Engineering 8th EASN-CEAS Workshop on Manufacturing

This Special Issue of Entropy, titled “Recent Advances in Single-Particle Tracking: Experiment and Analysis”, contains a collection of 13 papers concerning different aspects of single-particle tracking, a popular experimental technique that has deeply penetrated molecular biology and statistical and chemical physics. Presenting original research, yet written in an accessible style, this collection will be useful for both newcomers to the field and more experienced researchers looking for some reference. Several papers are written by authorities in the field, and the topics cover aspects of experimental setups, analytical methods of tracking data analysis, a machine learning approach to data and, finally, some more general issues related to diffusion.                                                                                                              Related Books Photon and Particle Impact Spectroscopy and Dynamics of Atoms, Molecules, and Clusters Physical Sciences Optical

In recent years, we have seen a growing interest in various aspects of approximation theory. This happened due to the increasing complexity of mathematical models that require computer calculations and the development of the theoretical foundations of the approximation theory. Approximation theory has broad and important applications in many areas of mathematics, including functional analysis, differential equations, dynamical systems theory, mathematical physics, control theory, probability theory and mathematical statistics, and others. Approximation theory is also of great practical importance, as approximate methods and estimation of approximation errors are used in physics, economics, chemistry, signal theory, neural networks and many other areas. This book presents the works published in the Special Issue "Approximation Theory and Related Applications". The research of the world’s leading scientists presented in this book reflect new trends in approximation theory and related t

The Reprint aims to evaluate how disability studies can impact service delivery and the health and social outcomes of disabled people by examining disability awareness, the perceptions of health care providers, and the influence of social factors on disabled people’s quality of life. The collection emphasizes the implications of individual, psychosocial, and organizational elements in improving both health and mental health outcomes for people with chronic illness and disability.