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This book mainly focuses on the processing and applications of polymer and its composites. With the fast development of the petroleum industry, polymer materials have been widely utilized in our daily lives. The various processing methods of polymers determine the final properties and performance of products. In addition, the introduction of different fillers, including inorganic fillers, metal oxide, natural fibers, and so on, can increase the physical and chemical properties of polymer composites, which will further broaden their practical applications. Special attention will be paid to the type of processing methods and the functional fillers on the performance of polymer composites. Related Books Advances in the Processing and Application of Polymer and Its Composites II Chemistry & Materials Science Advanced Polymer Composite Materials Chemistry & Materials Science Polymer Composites: Structure, Properties and Processing Engineering Advances in Functional Polymers and Composit

This Reprint, “Applied Biomechanics and Sports Sciences”, brings together a collection of studies that exemplify the interdisciplinarity nature of biomechanics as applied to human movement and athletic performance. The contributions within explore neuromuscular function, training optimization and sport-specific adaptations across multiple disciplines, including football, swimming, badminton and water polo. By integrating experimental, analytical and applied perspectives, this Reprint highlights how biomechanical assessment and evidence-based strength and conditioning approaches contribute to enhanced performance and injury prevention. This collection provides valuable insights for researchers, coaches and practitioners, seeking to bridge the gap between laboratory and practical sports applications.

The Special Issue includes a collection of papers that present new methods for analyzing, operating, controlling, and protecting future power grids with increasing renewable energy utilization. Specific topics include voltage and var optimization, hardware-in-the-loop testing, the control of wind power systems, distribution system reconfiguration, optimal power flow, load dynamic forecasting, current-limiting reactor operation, risk management for energy markets, resilience maximization, and the control of photovoltaic inverters. Related Books Power System Analysis Control and Operation Engineering Power System Simulation, Control and Optimization Engineering Advanced Control, Optimization, Stability and Reliability of Microgrids and Power Systems Engineering Trends and Challenges in Power System Stability and Control Engineering Control and Optimization Technologies in Renewable Energy and Integrated Energy Systems Engineering The recommendations have been generated using an AI sy

Owing to their unique characteristics, direct wide bandgap energy, large breakdown field, and excellent electron transport properties, including operation at high temperature environments and low sensitivity to ionizing radiation, gallium nitride (GaN) and related group III-nitride heterostructures proved to be enabling materials for advanced optoelectronic and electronic devices and systems. Today, they are widely used in high performing short wavelength light emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs), high performing radar, wireless telecommunications, as well ‘green’ power electronics. Impressive progress in GaN technology over the last 25 years has been driven by a continuously growing need for more advanced systems, and still new challenges arise and need to be solved. Actually, lighting industry, RF defene industry, and 5G mmWave telecommunication systems are driving forces for further intense research in order to reach full potential of GaN-based semiconductors. In the lit

In recent years, Polish scientists have become one of the most powerful groups of scientists in the world. Investigating and developing numerous studies on the synthesis and application of a new group of functional materials, including inorganic, organic, hybrid, and composite materials, they have created new solutions and opened up new possibilities for their use as sophisticated solutions, facilitating various technological processes and improving their efficiency, answering scientific questions, and benefiting society. This Special Issue is a compilation of high-impact articles by Polish authors on the synthesis, characterization, and application of novel materials of different origin in various scientific and industrial fields. The studies present up-to-date solutions on the design and development of innovative materials with engineered properties, theoretical considerations on the fundamental basis of mechanical and molecular interactions, and the potential practical use of new materials of interest to a wide audience. The collection includes original research papers that describe the fundamentals of materials science and engineering, as well as review articles that summarize the current state of knowledge.

The application of fault diagnosis techniques in PMSMs involves the identification and localization of faults such as stator winding, rotor, and sensor faults. Various methods, including model-based approaches, signal processing techniques, and machine learning algorithms, are employed for fault detection and diagnosis. These techniques analyze motor currents, voltages, and other operational parameters to detect deviations from normal behavior, enabling timely intervention and maintenance. Moreover, fault-tolerant control strategies play a crucial role in ensuring the continued operation of PMSMs even in the presence of faults. By intelligently reconfiguring the motor operation and redistributing currents among healthy windings, fault-tolerant control systems can mitigate the effects of faults and maintain satisfactory performance levels. The significance of applying fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control in PMSMs lies in their ability to minimize downtime, reduce maintenance cos

Recently, aluminium scandium nitride (AlScN) emerged as a material with superior properties compared to aluminium nitride (AlN). Substituting Al with Sc in AlN leads to a dramatic increase in the piezoelectric coefficient as well as in electromechanical coupling. This discovery finally allowed us to overcome the limitations of AlN thin films in various piezoelectric applications while still enabling us to benefit from all of the advantages of the parent material system, such as a high temperature stability, CMOS compatibility, and good mechanical properties. Potential applications include RF filters (bulk acoustic wave (BAW) or surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators), energy harvesting, sensing applications, and infra-red detectors. The recent progress in MOCVD- and MBE-grown AlScN has led to high-frequency and -power electronics, (high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs)). AlScN is the first wurtzite III-nitride where ferroelectric switching was observed, allowing for many new pos

The reprint is a compilation of contributions originally published in the Catalysts Special Issue entitled "Exclusive Papers of the Editorial Board Members and Topical Advisory Panel Members of Catalysts", within the Section "Catalytic Materials". It features a collection of 15 papers—1 review and 14 original research articles—spanning a wide range of topics in both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. These works reflect the diverse expertise of selected members of the journal’s Editorial Board and Topical Advisory Panel. The volume opens with a brief Editorial from the Guest Editors, summarizing the key scientific achievements presented in the Special Issue.

The fields of quantum electronics (e.g., quantum dots and superconducting circuits) and optoelectronics have garnered much interest in the past few years. They deal with quantum and optical platforms in combination with electronic and condensed matter systems, which may serve as building blocks for a plethora of applications in quantum computing and optical technology.In this reprint, we reprint the articles of the Special Issue "Quantum and Optoelectronic Devices, Circuits and Systems", published in Electronics (MDPI). Related Books Optical and Quantum Electronics Chemistry & Materials Science ... Photonic and Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, Third Edition Engineering Application of Advanced Quantum Dots Films in Optoelectronics Engineering Basics and Applications in Quantum Optics Physical Sciences Integrated Photonics and Optoelectronics Engineering ... The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MD

This book is aimed at serving researchers, engineers, scientists, and engineering graduate and PhD students of engineering and physical science together with individuals interested in engineering and science. This book focuses on the application of engineering methods to complex systems including transportation, building, and manufacturing, with approaches representing a wide variety of disciplines of engineering and science. Throughout the book, great emphases are placed on engineering applications of complex systems, as well as the methodologies of automation, including artificial intelligence, automated and intelligent control, energy analysis, energy modelling, energy management, and optimised energy efficiency. The significant impact of recent studies that have been selected for presentation are of high interest in engineering complex systems. An attempt has been made to expose the reading audience of engineers and researchers to a broad range of theoretical and practical topics.

Aircraft electrification is one of the most important and strategic initiatives currently supporting the innovation of the aviation industry. This manifests in the well-known more-electric aircraft concept (with the ultimate aim of achieving the all-electric long-term target), which aims to gradually replace onboard systems based on mechanical, hydraulic, or pneumatic power sources with electrically powered ones to reduce the weight and costs, optimize energy, and increase the eco-compatibility and reliability of future aircrafts.A key technological enabler for pursuing these challenging objectives is electro-mechanical actuation. The applicability of electro-mechanical actuators (EMAs) in aerospace has been proved in terms of dynamic performances, but it still entails several concerns in terms of reliability/safety and operation in a harsh environment. In civil aircrafts, EMAs are often avoided for safety-critical functions (flight controls, brakes, landing gears, and nose wheel ste

This book collects contributions to the Special Issue entitled "Symmetries in Quantum Mechanics and Statistical Physics" of the journal Symmetry. These contributions focus on recent advancements in the study of PT–invariance of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, the supersymmetric quantum mechanics of relativistic and non-relativisitc systems, duality transformations for power–law potentials and conformal transformations. New aspects on the spreading of wave packets are also discussed. Related Books Symmetries in Quantum Mechanics Chemistry & Materials Science ... Symmetry in Many-Body Physics Physical Sciences Quantum Mechanics Biology & Life Sciences Symmetry in Quantum Optics Models Computer Science & Mathematics Symmetry and Mesoscopic Physics Physical Sciences The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing

Next year, there will be a 100-year celebration of quantum mechanics, but there is no consensus on the interpretation of this theory. This reprint presents recent works on one of the most intriguing interpretations, the many-worlds interpretation, presented at a workshop in October 2022 at Tel Aviv University. The many-worlds interpretation solves the measurement problem, avoids action at a distance and indeterminism, and does not contradict empirical evidence. The main question discussed in the workshop was as follows: why is it not in the consensus? Major issues such as preferred basis, the meaning of probability, non-locality, and alternative approaches were discussed, which are increasingly drawing attention in physics and philosophy. The contributions demonstrated a striking diversity in understanding the basic concepts. What are the worlds in the many-worlds interpretation? Do the worlds diverge or split? Is probability objective or subjective, or is it just an illusion? Can we

This reprint focuses on the recent advances in fluid power technology reporting results in a wide range of applications. Studies concerning the developments of pumps both at constant and variable displacement are reported. Analyses are focused on the improvement of efficiency, control, design and pressure ripple reduction. About fluid power, several applications are investigated with the aim of reducing energy losses, in particular implementations in an excavator, a hybrid transmission and a system for agricultural solutions are described.  Applications are studied focusing also on the effects of a particular load holding valve, and facing the relevant aspects of the condition monitoring, failure modes and effects analysis. The fluid power covers a very wide range of application as demonstrated by the paper concerning an exoskeleton device. Finally, a particular application concerning a gas pressure regulator with lower noise emission is reported. Related Books Advances in Fluid

This book includes the 14 articles accepted and published in the Special Issue “Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM): Applications in Economics and Finance” of the MDPI journal Mathematics, which encompasses a wide range of topics connected with the theory and applications of PLS-SEM methodology. These topics involve, among others, prediction of stock market investment intention, institutional quality and international competitiveness, governance paradigms and public innovation, information and communication technologies in the supply chain, influence of the ability to absorb information from the environment and proactivity on the company's results, quality management, effects of the corporate social responsibility on financial performance, resource management for the improvement of the healthcare system, and the application of maximum entropy bootstrapping to time series. It is expected that the book will prove worthwhile and helpful for those working in the

With the development of modern technology, advanced ceramics and alloy coatings have gradually become an important part of new materials and have become important materials in the development of many high-tech fields. They have received great attention from various industrially developed countries. Advanced ceramics and alloys, which have a specific fine structure and a series of excellent properties (e.g., high strength, high hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, etc.), are widely used in various fields, such as national defense, chemical industry, metallurgy, electronics, machinery, aviation, aerospace, biomedicine, and so on.This reprint brings together the latest research results of some researchers in the field of ceramics, alloys, and their coatings, and it is hoped that the publication of this reprint will serve as a reference for students or researchers in the field of application and development of ceramics, alloys, and their coatings.

The Special Issue contains ten research papers, three of which review papers. It is a miscellaneous composition encompassing several applications where metal oxides play a key role. Some papers also give insights into novel synthesis methods and processes aiming to reduce negative environmental impacts and increase materials and process efficiency, thus also covering a broader concern of sustainability issues. The topics covered in this issues are: transparent conductive oxides, ceramic composites for tool applications, oxides nanoparticles for A-TIG welding, critical raw materials saving, metallurgical waste treatment, oxides for high temperature applications, nanostructured oxides and composites for gas sensing and desulfuration, and metal oxides sorbents for CO2 capture. Related Books Metal Oxide Nanomaterials Chemistry & Materials Science New Advances into Nanostructured Oxides Chemistry & Materials Science Metal Oxide Thin Films: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications Chemi

Research in the field of biomechanics and motion analysis has seen rapid growth in recent years. Such research enhances our understanding of normal human posture and locomotion, pathological movement, physical disorders, and human-environment interaction, while also facilitating the development of targeted sports and rehabilitation approaches. Advancements in technology now enable researchers to apply state-of-the-art systems, devices, and algorithms across a broad spectrum—from external body movement to internal cellular response, from controlled lab settings to outdoor environments, and from bench experiments to clinical applications. This Special Issue focuses on recent research and developments in biomechanics and motion analysis. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to: upper-limb and lower-limb biomechanics, spinal biomechanics, motion capture and analysis, interface biomechanics, shear force and pressure in ergonomics, computational orthopedics, physical ergonomics, sports engineering, rehabilitation engineering, human-environment biomechanical interaction, postural stability, balance and gait control, computer vision algorithms for motion analysis, artificial intelligence (AI) in biomechanics and motion capture, motion tracking and detection, and wearable devices for biomechanical and motion analysis.

This Special Issue had, as its main objective, the compilation of biomechanical studies on sports performance and its relationship with musculoskeletal injuries. It is a collection of research on eight different sports (soccer, volleyball, swimming, cycling, skiing, golf, athletics, and hockey) considering injuries in general and specific injuries such as hamstring muscle injury, anterior cruciate ligament of the knee, and pain of the pubic symphysis. Additionally, it is noteworthy that most of the studies considered both men and women. Classical biomechanical tools have been used, such as 2D and 3D motion analysis, force platforms, and electromyography. Related Books Applied Biomechanics in Sports Performance, Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities Biomechanical Analysis in Physical Activity and Sports Public Health & Healthcare Applied Biomechanics and Sports Sciences Biology & Life Sciences ... Biomechanics-Based Motion Analysis, Volume II Public

This reprint contains a collection of research articles covering the recent advances of process systems engineering tools in the areas of integrated biorefineries and ionic liquid design. The reprint comprises original research contributions and review articles on these topics. Related Books Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents: Greener Approaches for Sustainable Chemistry Chemistry & Materials Science Process Design, Integration, and Intensification Engineering Reinventing Processes for Sustainability via Process Intensification and Integration Engineering Sustainable Development and Application of Renewable Chemicals from Biomass and Waste II Chemistry & Materials Science Chemical Process Design, Simulation and Optimization Engineering The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution

The reprint has collected the latest scientific achievements in the microstructure-related deformation and fracture behavior of various metallic materials (e.g., steels, superalloys, and titanium alloys) under monotonical or cyclic loads. According to the research findings arising from this collection of works, the initial microstructure and microstructural evolution have a significant effect on deformation and fracture mechanisms and, thus, mechanical properties. To understand these influences, microstructure characterization, mechanical property testing, and numerical simulation are discussed in this reprint. These results are beneficial for promoting the potential applications of these materials and for the future development of novel high-performance metallic materials. Related Books Characterization and Modelling of the Deformation and Failure of Engineering Metallic Materials Chemistry & Materials Science Microstructure Engineering of Metals and Alloys Chemistry & Materials Sc

This Special Issue book aims to take stock of the most recent design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) methodologies, methods, and tools. After an overview prepared by the Editors, which summarizes the present situation and predicts future trends in the research area, the book collects a series of papers which are arranged as follows. The first part presents papers on innovative design for additive manufacturing and optimization workflows. The primary purpose of these works is to support design engineers during the entire design process. They illustrate how to integrate methods and tools, and they provide information on the contexts in which DfAM methodologies can guarantee maximum benefits. The second part focuses on DfAM methods (e.g., cell modelling and self-supporting topologies), topological optimization (integrated within workflow design), and process simulation (also based on machine learning approaches). The third part begins with an extensive review of presently available D

Numerous efforts have been devoted to using biomass as a feedstock for the production of bio-based materials, biochemicals, and biofuels that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on conventional fossil resources. Conversion strategies for the production of platform chemicals, building blocks, fine chemicals, and biofuels include a wide range of processes such as chemical and mechanical pretreatment for improved carbohydrate production, fractionation of biomass into carbohydrates and lignin and their further conversions, microbial and enzymatic conversion of biomass into valuable products, and direct catalytic conversion of biomass or its components into chemicals and fuels. This Special Issue introduces recent innovative research results in the area of bioenergy and value-added chemicals from various feedstocks through chemical and biological catalytic processes. Related Books Sustainable Catalytic Conversion of Biomass for the Production of Biofuels and Bioproducts Chemistr

Combined with the rapid development of new fields in science and technology, there is also a requirement for the necessary materials to have excellent mechanical properties, wear resistance, high-temperature features, corrosion resistance, etc., particularly in the fields of aerospace, marine science, and automobiles. Such materials can suffer from severe wear, corrosion, or high-temperature oxidation on their surface, resulting in their initial failure and even more severe losses. Therefore, the surface characteristics of these materials should be improved. We launched a Special Issue, titled “Enhanced Mechanical Properties by Surface Treatment”, which intends to serve as a unique multidisciplinary forum covering a variety of materials, advanced manufacturing technology, advanced characterization methods, performance measurements, and numerical simulation. Now, the Special Issue has been closed, and 21 papers have been published. This Special Issue includes (but is not limited to) the following topics: materials, such as metal alloys, ceramic materials, polymers, and composites; performance properties, such as mechanical properties, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high-temperature oxidation, magnetic performance, and biocompatibility; and preparation methods, such as laser sintering, laser melting, PVD, CVD, and PEO.