Perpustakaan Digital

Engineering structures characterized by increased height and slenderness, such as high-rise buildings, expansive cross-sea bridges, wind turbines, and floating platforms, are frequently located in regions with high-intensity dynamic hazards and challenging marine environments. These structures are susceptible to various external dynamic loads, including winds, earthquakes, sea waves, and vibrations induced by construction or subway activities. Effective structural vibration control is paramount for bolstering the resilience and safety of such engineering structures. This reprint provides a comprehensive treatise on recent advances and applications in this critical field. The collected studies delve into a wide range of topics, including seismic retrofitting techniques; passive, active, semi-active, and hybrid control systems; advanced control strategies; and the vibration mitigation of various engineering structures. It further explores novel control devices, such as inerters, negative stiffness systems, and metamaterials, alongside the growing application of artificial intelligence and the development of smart structures.

The Special Issue “Plasma for Energy and Catalytic Nanomaterials” highlights the recent progress and advancements in the synthesis and applications of energy and catalytic nanomaterials by plasma. Compared with conventional preparation methods, plasma provides a fast, facile, and environmentally friendly method for synthesizing highly efficient nanomaterials. The synthesized nanomaterials generally show enhanced metal–support interactions, small-sized metal nanoparticles, specific metal structures, and abundant oxygen vacancies. The plasma method allows thermodynamically and dynamically difficult reactions to proceed at low temperatures due to the activation of energetic electrons. Despite the growing interest in plasma for energy and catalytic nanomaterials, the synthesis mechanisms of nanomaterials using plasma still remain obscure due to the complicated physical and chemical reactions that occur during plasma preparation. The Guest Editors and the MDPI staff are therefore pleased

Foundry is one of the basic branches of production. In every industry of the modern economy, foundry products are used: in parts of machines and devices, load-bearing elements, precision elements, etc. Throughout its history, the foundry industry has been constantly developing, introducing new molding materials, casting alloys, processes, foundry tools, quality control systems, energy-saving systems, environmental protections, etc. Many innovations have not been adequately presented in the professional literature or have been presented only locally at conferences and meetings. Therefore, the aim of this Reprint was to collect new achievements and progress in the field in one place to create a “platform” for discussion on new directions in the development of the foundry among authors, reviewers, and readers. This Reprint covers all foundry technologies and alloys (cast steel, cast iron, and non-ferrous alloys). Due to the topics covered in this Special Issue, articles on modern solutions in the technology of casting production are included. The topics of the presented articles include optimization of foundry production, methods of metal preparation, crystallization, electromagnetic mixing of foundry alloys, quality control, printing 3D processes, reverse engineering, etc.

Roads, bridges, airports, and ports are multirole transportation infrastructure assets, which rely heavily on asphalt, cement, and aggregates in traditional civil engineering. Multirole transportation infrastructures should be resistant enough against structural loads and vehicle loads. Further, multirole transportation infrastructures are greatly affected by climate change, which has the potential to impact both long- and short-term infrastructure performance. Recent developments in materials science, especially polymers, have brought new perspectives in the modification of civil engineering materials and consequent improvements. Being both strong and lightweight, polymer composites have already found wide-ranging uses in civil engineering. The application of various types of polymers includes admixtures and additives (e.g., alternative binders, polymer fibers) for enhanced mechanical performances and enhanced functional properties such as self-healing and self-cleaning. Therefore,

Lightweight alloys (magnesium, aluminum, titanium, low-density steels, and their composites) are essential for energy efficiency in transportation, aerospace, and renewable energy. However, their widespread application faces challenges, including strength–ductility trade-offs, processing defects, and corrosion-wear resistance. This Reprint features 12 contributions from the Special Issue "High-Performance Lightweight Alloy Materials and Their Advanced Forming Technologies." It covers key topics such as ultra-high-strength aerospace Al alloys, Al–Li weldability, Fe-rich phase control in recycled aluminum, extrusion mechanisms for wrought Mg components, defect-free welding of cast Mg–RE alloys, ceramic-reinforced Mg composites, titanium matrix composites via hot isostatic pressing and laser powder bed fusion, κ-carbide precipitation in low-density steels, and corrosion-wear mechanisms in high-entropy alloys. This Reprint is distinguished by its integrated perspective. Rather than treating materials in isolation, it reveals shared strategies such as composition optimization, microstructural engineering, and advanced forming technologies for unlocking next-generation structural solutions. Each manuscript addresses critical bottlenecks, offering processing-informed pathways toward improved mechanical performance and sustainability. Serving as a valuable resource for researchers and engineers, this Reprint highlights recent advances and identifies persistent gaps, offering forward-looking guidance for future innovation in lightweight alloys.

This Special Issue features 24 articles on current topics, exploring key conditions for effective battery recycling. It covers various battery types and processes, examining steps from initial crushing and mechanical pretreatment to material separation. Some studies investigate the use of air classifiers to separate battery foils and sensors for sorting components by material type. Other studies look into how different battery types affect these mechanical steps and the impact of thermal pretreatment on materials like NMC 622 black mass. Thermal pretreatment is highlighted as a critical step for removing organic compounds and breaking down materials, enabling more efficient recycling. Several studies focus on this process, including sulfuric roasting for LCO-rich black mass and safe lithium recovery from LiS cells. After pretreatment, hydrometallurgical processes are typically applied to further recover valuable materials. Researchers aim to optimize these steps, enhancing lithium leaching efficiency and reducing process-disrupting viscosity. Organic acids like gluconic and acetic acids are considered environmentally friendly alternatives for extracting elements such as cobalt and nickel. This Special Issue also includes broader reviews addressing topics like the role of LIBs in sustainable energy and minimizing losses in recycling steps. Together, these studies provide a comprehensive overview of advancements and future directions for efficient, sustainable battery recycling.

Smart materials and structures are capable of active or passive changes in terms of shapes, properties, and mechanical or electromagnetic responses in reaction to an external stimulus, such as light, temperature, stress, moisture, pH, and electric or magnetic fields. They have attracted increasing interest for their enhanced performance and efficiency over a wide range of industrial applications, especially for aerospace. These require novel engineering approaches and design philosophies in order to integrate the actions of sensors, actuators, and control circuit elements into a single system that can respond adaptively to its surroundings. This reprint has collected cutting-edge research and recent advances in smart materials and structures, including seven original research papers and three review articles, co-authored by 65 scientists and engineers from 18 institutions and 3 industries. The research topics mainly cover advanced materials, applications of smart materials and struct

We thank all contributors of this Special Issue and the editorial staff of Crystals for helping this Special Issue achieve success; we are especially gratefully to the expert reviewers who agreed to review the papers submitted to this Special Issue for their diligence and timely effort. Under joint efforts, finally, this Special Issue published 15 papers, including 1 review paper and 14 original research papers. These published papers are mainly related to the mechanical properties of superelastic alloys, titanium alloys, shape memory alloys, various kinds of steels, medium-entropy alloys, high-temperature alloys, etc. Under the success of this Special Issue, the published papers will promote the development and progress of advanced metallic materials. We sincerely hope these papers can cause the readers to be informative and inspire them to obtain new ideas. Related Books Advanced Crystalline Materials, Mechanical Properties and Innovative Production Systems Chemistry & Materials S

The present reprint contains the 11 articles accepted and published in the Special Issue “Applied Probability and Statistical Inference in Reliability Engineering, 2025” of the MDPI Mathematics journal, which cover a wide range of topics connected to recent methodological developments and emerging applications at the intersection of probabilistic modeling and reliability analysis. These topics include, among others, advanced probabilistic and distributional modeling for nonstandard data (including censoring, skewness, dependence, and imprecision), as well as statistical estimation and inference methods in reliability analysis. It further addresses system reliability, stochastic processes (including renewal and aging phenomena), stochastic ordering, data-driven approaches, and the integration of reliability modeling with maintenance optimization and decision-making. It is hoped that this reprint will be of interest and value to researchers working in Applied Probability and Statistical Inference in Reliability Engineering, as well as to readers with a solid mathematical background who wish to become acquainted with recent advances in probabilistic modeling, statistical methodology and their applications in reliability analysis across diverse domains.

This Special Issue "Application of Wood Composites" addresses various aspects of these important wood materials’ use. Topics include the mechanical processing of wood composites, including their cutting, milling, or sanding, incorporating current analysis of wood dust or grain size measurements and the composition of particles; scientific views on the influence of various adhesives in the creation process of wood composites and the analysis of their behavior in contact with various wood elements under different conditions; the analysis of input raw materials forming wood composites, including various wood species, but also non-wood lignocellulosic raw materials; and, last but not least, the analysis of bark, which in recent years has become an important and promising raw material involved in the construction of wood composites. The study of the development of the sliding table saw also suitably complements this Special Issue. Related Books Advances in Wood Composites Chemistry & Mat

Magnetic resonance techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and electron spin resonance (ESR), play an important role in chemical analysis, as they are characterized by high specificity, good sensitivity, and the absence of harmful effects on the sample. Although they originated several decades ago, they are still developing rapidly with method innovations and continuous hardware development, which allows for a wide range of applications in various scientific fields, including materials science. State-of-the-art scientific articles on the analysis of various types of materials by magnetic resonance methods define the interdisciplinary nature of this research field and its potential applications. Often, these articles are published in specialized journals, which proves cumbersome for readers and makes it difficult to understand the subjective goals of the manuscript and the review of related fields. This Reprint of the Special issue “Advanced Magnetic Resonance Methods in Materials Chemistry Analysis” provides an opportunity to easily obtain information on recent advances in magnetic resonance methods in the analysis of materials chemistry. This Reprint largely contains original scientific articles and review articles, focusing primarily on the theoretical and experimental areas of magnetic resonance in materials chemistry analysis.

This Special Issue, “Advances in Engineered Wood Products and Timber Structures”, showcases ten cutting-edge studies that explore innovative materials, structural solutions, and performance improvements in timber construction. Topics range from design strategies for modular multi-story timber buildings and assessments of space efficiency in high-rise timber buildings, to parametric analyses of timber spatial frames. Experimental research is also prominently featured, focusing on connection behavior and advancements in engineered wood products, including bio-based adhesives, fiber reinforcements and hybrid solutions. The Special Issue reflects the growing potential of timber in contemporary construction, offering valuable insights for researchers, architects, engineers, and professionals in the field.

Nowadays, in all industries, the aim is to obtain products with excellent properties with a small mass. Thus, polymer composites are increasingly used, but scientists and manufacturers face many challenges when processing and obtaining satisfactory products with great properties, as well as the recycling and disposing of waste after the expiration date of the product. With this Special Issue, entitled "Polymer Composites: Structure, Properties and Processing", we aimed to collate papers relating to the subject of this Special Issue that attempted to solve some of the problems related with it. We hope that readers will find some high-quality solutions that will help them in their future work.

The Reprint “Structural Engineering in Building”, to be published in Buildings and edited by Eden Bojórquez and Juan Bojórquez, will present cutting-edge research focused on the development of safer, smarter, and more resilient buildings under natural hazards. This volume brings together innovative contributions in structural engineering, earthquake engineering, wind engineering, artificial intelligence applications, structural resilience, optimal design, experimental testing, and advanced materials. The Reprint will highlight recent advances aimed at improving the performance and sustainability of modern infrastructure while addressing the growing challenges associated with earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, landslides, and extreme environmental conditions. The included studies will explore both theoretical and practical approaches, including seismic- and wind-resistant design, energy dissipation systems, life-cycle cost analysis, structural vulnerability assessment, and emerging computational methodologies. By integrating multidisciplinary perspectives and state-of-the-art engineering solutions, this reprint will provide researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers with valuable insights into the future of structural engineering for buildings. The volumen serves as an international platform for disseminating innovative ideas that contribute to the safety, sustainability, and resilience of the built environment worldwide.

In recent years, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been increasingly contributing to the development of novel engineering systems with energy storage requirements. LIBs are playing an essential role in our society, as they are being used in a wide variety of applications, ranging from consumer electronics, electric mobility, renewable energy storage, biomedical applications, or aerospace systems. Despite the remarkable achievements and applicability of LIBs, there are several features within this technology that require further research and improvements. In this book, a collection of 10 original research papers addresses some of those key features, including: battery testing methodologies, state of charge and state of health monitoring, and system-level power electronics applications. One key aspect to emphasize when it comes to this book is the multidisciplinary nature of the selected papers. The presented research was developed at university departments, institutes and organization

Metallic biomaterials (biometals) are widely used for the manufacture of medical implants, ranging from load-bearing orthopaedic prostheses to dental and cardiovascular implants, because of their favourable combination of properties, including high strength, fracture toughness, biocompatibility, and wear and corrosion resistance. Owing to the significant consequences of implant material failure/degradation, in terms of both personal and financial burden, failure analysis of biometals has always been of paramount importance in order to understand the failure mechanisms and implement suitable solutions with the aim to improve the longevity of implants in the body. Failure Analysis of Biometals presents some of the latest developments and findings in this area. This includes a great range of common metallic biomaterials (Ti alloys, CoCrMo alloys, Mg alloys, and NiTi alloys) and their associated failure mechanisms (corrosion, fatigue, fracture, and fretting wear) that commonly occur in me

Metal 3D printing, as an advanced forming, can manufacture parts directly from digital model by using layer by layer material build-up approach. This manufacturing method can prepare complex shape metal parts in short time, with and high precision. Three-dimensional printing processes can be classified into two major groups: Powder Bed Fusion-based technologies and Directed Energy Deposition. Three-dimensional printing features freedom of part complexity, part design, and light-weighting for aerospace, automobile, and other industries application. The Global Metal 3D Printing Market is mainly driven by the the fast developing of aerospace and automobile industry. The Global Metal 3D Printing Market size was valued at USD 534.18 Million in 2020 and is projected to reach USD 4458.76 Million by 2028, growing at a CAGR of 30.38\% from 2021 to 2028. Related Books 3D Printing of Metals Chemistry & Materials Science ... Metal Additive Manufacturing — State of the Art 2020 Engineering 3D Pri

This Special Issue on “Catalysts for Syngas Production”, included in the Catalysts open access journal, shows new research about the development of catalysts and catalytic routes for syngas production, and the optimization of the reaction conditions for the process. This issue includes ten articles about the different innovative processes for syngas production. Synthesis gas (or syngas) is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, with different chemical composition and H2/CO molar ratios, depending on the feedstock and production technology used. Syngas may be obtained from alternative sources to oil, such as natural gas, coal, biomass, organic wastes, etc. Syngas is a very good intermediate for the production of high value compounds at the industrial scale, such as hydrogen, methanol, liquid fuels, and a wide range of chemicals. Accordingly, efforts should be made on the co-feeding of CO2 with syngas, as an alternative for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, more syngas

The aim of this reprint is to introduce the reader to the latest technological achievements in power transmission and control. Power transmission and control include the conversion, transmission, and distribution of power and motion control; it is a key technology and design theory of vehicle machines, such as automobile and construction machinery, airplanes, and ships. The specific implementation of power transmission and control can be achieved through hydraulic, pneumatic, electro-hydraulic, electro-pneumatic, hydrodynamic, hydrodynamic, or electromechanical transmission methods. Power transmission and control have also been widely used in power engineering, such as in wind power generation systems, hydroelectric power systems, solar power systems, compressed air energy storage systems, hybrid energy vehicles, and hydrogen energy vehicles. By using advanced control strategies and optimization methods, the performance of power transmission and control systems in power and vehicle machinery can be significantly improved. This Special Issue reports the related new theories and technological achievements in fluid power transmission and control in power and vehicle machinery from 2017 to 2018; in total, 2 review papers and 16 research articles were published in Applied Sciences.

Recently, the construction industry has shown great interest in the use of a variety of industrial by-products and waste, as well as used consumer products.  The Special Issue "Recycled Materials for Concrete and Other Composites" presents the results of the latest research on the synthesis of composite materials produced using various types of waste materials, in particular, mortars and concretes, and their physicochemical and mechanical properties. The topics of the published articles also cover a number of other aspects, including the efficiency of the production of composite materials containing waste materials, their resistance to corrosion, the interactions of wastes and plasticizers, and the leaching of metal ions from the produced composites. Both interesting and practical solutions and the results of laboratory tests are presented. The published research clearly shows that the use of waste and recycled materials for the production of composite materials is a key element in r

Zeolites, with their unique microporous crystalline structures, high surface areas, and tunable acidity, have long been pillars of heterogeneous catalysis. Their well-defined pore systems grant them exceptional shape-selectivity, enabling precise control over reaction pathways that is unparalleled by other catalytic materials. Traditionally, zeolites have been indispensable in major industrial processes such as fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), hydrocracking, and petrochemical production, forming the backbone of the modern refining and chemical industries. Today, the role of zeolites is rapidly expanding beyond these traditional boundaries, driven by global demands for sustainability and green chemistry. In the realm of energy, they are crucial for the production of biofuels and in emerging hydrogen storage technologies. In environmental protection, zeolites serve as robust catalysts for the removal of NOx from exhaust gases (SCR), the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and advanced water purification. Furthermore, their application in the synthesis of fine chemicals and renewable platform molecules highlights their versatility.

The purpose of this reprint is to furnish readers with the most recent advancements in wood and bamboo processing applications. The reprint covers a wide range of topics, from the preservation of archaeological wood and the mechanisms behind the formation of wood and bamboo properties to biomimetic applications and methods for enhancing the performance and composite uses of bamboo and wood materials. These contents highlight the vibrant and pioneering research areas associated with wood and bamboo. In this reprint, leading experts in the field share their research findings, results, and future visions, offering fresh perspectives for the innovative and efficient utilization of wood and bamboo. Through these contributions, we aim to enhance our understanding of the sustainable applications of wood and bamboo materials, fostering harmonious development that meets human material needs while ensuring the sustainable use of Earth's resources, thereby enabling humans and nature to coexist in harmony.

The Special Issue “Recycled Materials in Civil Engineering Application" aims to discuss the preparation and characterization of new ecologically friendly materials containing recycled materials or waste that could be used in specific engineering applications. Using waste and materials obtained through recycling is a key part of decreasing current waste. In concrete and other composite materials, recycled materials such as plastics, steel and other metals, ash, glass, ceramics, and industrial wastes see the most use. The application of recycled materials or waste to the production of new materials is consistent with the idea of sustainable construction. Using recycled materials to synthesize composite materials saves the use of natural resources and has a positive influence on environmental protection. Unfortunately, the production of composite materials containing waste, by-products, or recycled materials requires a substantial amount of research, and is a very relevant issue for mat

Cellular solids and porous metals have become some of the most promising lightweight multifunctional materials due to their superior combination of advanced properties mainly derived from their base material and cellular structure. They are used in a wide range of commercial, biomedical, industrial, and military applications. In contrast to other cellular materials, cellular metals are non-flammable, recyclable, extremely tough, and chemically stable and are excellent energy absorbers. The manuscripts of this Special Issue provide a representative insight into the recent developments in this field, covering topics related to manufacturing, characterization, properties, specific challenges in transportation, and the description of structural features. For example, a presented strategy for the strengthening of Al-alloy foams is the addition of alloying elements (e.g., magnesium) into the metal bulk matrix to promote the formation of intermetallics (e.g., precipitation hardening). The i