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Due to their excellent properties, polyurethane, cellulose and their composites have become widely used in previously unimagined areas. Given the fast-increasing consumption in recent years, the demand for advanced polyurethane- and cellulose-based composites is rapidly growing. Accordingly, this Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, short communications and review articles focusing on innovations in polyurethane- and cellulose-based materials, including material synthesis, modification and engineering.

Radiofrequency (RF) heating has been identified as one potential thermal treatment method with which to replace chemical fumigation and other conventional thermal methods because it is relatively easy to apply and leaves no chemical residues. RF equipment is commercially available today and is commonly used by the baking industry for the final drying of crackers, as well as by other industries. It involves the direct transfer of electromagnetic energy into bulk materials, providing fast and volumetric heating. This Special Issue aims to focus on recent developments in and applications of RF heating in food processing, such as disinfestation, drying, pasteurization, sterilization, temping, and thawing. This Special Issue will provide major methods, research strategies, and protocols used in the development of environmentally friendly food processes based on RF energy. Related Books Application of Novel Thermal Technology in Foods Processing Engineering Optimization of Non-thermal Te

Antiferromagnetic spintronics is an emerging topic in spintronics that is attracting interest due to its wide range of advantages, including terahertz operation, memory without stray fields, and highly efficient spin generation. The discussion of this topic covers aspects ranging from the development of new antiferromagnetic materials to the applications of these materials in devices. Traditionally, antiferromagnets were treated as less common magnetic materials for fundamental studies and applications. However, recent miniaturisation and high-frequency operation have revealed that they are advantageous over conventional ferromagnets. This Special Issue reviews the current status and future perspectives of antiferromagnetic spintronics. Related Books Recent Advances in Novel Materials for Future Spintronics Chemistry & Materials Science Magnetic and Spin Devices Physical Sciences Magnetic and Spin Devices, Volume II Engineering Recent Advances in Nanomagnetism Computer Science & Mat

In the oral environment, restorative and prosthetic materials and appliances are exposed to chemical, thermal and mechanical challenges. The mechanical properties of a material define how it responds to the application of a physical force. Recent advances in nanotechnology and 3D printing have rapidly spread, and manufacturers continuously develop new materials and solutions to provide high-quality dental care, with particular attention being paid to long-term follow-up. Restorative dentistry, prosthodontics, oral surgery, implants, periodontology and orthodontics are all involved in this continuing evolution. This Special Issue focuses on all the recent technology that can enhance the mechanical properties of materials used in all of the different branches of dentistry. Related Books Composite and Polymeric Materials for Dentistry: Enhancing Antimicrobial and Mechanical Properties Chemistry & Materials Science Dental Materials Medicine & Pharmacology Mechanical Properties of Polyme

The impacts of climate change on water resource management, as well as increasingly severe natural disasters over the last decades, have caught global attention. Reliable and accurate hydrological forecasts are essential for efficient water resource management and the mitigation of natural disasters. While the notorious nonlinear hydrological processes make accurate forecasts a very challenging task, it requires advanced techniques to build accurate forecast models and reliable management systems. One of the newest techniques for modeling complex systems is artificial intelligence (AI). AI can replicate the way humans learn and has great capability to efficiently extract crucial information from large amounts of data to solve complex problems. The fourteen research papers published in this Special Issue contribute significantly to the uncertainty assessment of operational hydrologic forecasting under changing environmental conditions and the promotion of water resources management by

This Reprint presents recent advances in the study of the antioxidant properties of bee products and their growing relevance in food science, biotechnology, and health-related applications. The collected contributions investigate honey, propolis, bee pollen, and other hive products, focusing on their bioactive compounds, phenolic profiles, antioxidant capacity, and functional properties. Particular attention is given to modern extraction techniques, innovative analytical methodologies, and quality assessment approaches that enable a deeper understanding of the chemical composition and biological activity of bee derived products. The articles examine the influence of botanical origin, geographical factors, environmental conditions, and processing technologies on the antioxidant potential of bee products. In addition, the Reprint highlights emerging applications in food systems, antimicrobial research, and therapeutic formulations, including honey-based delivery systems and propolis-derived ingredients. By integrating advances in analytical chemistry, apicultural science, functional foods, and natural product research, this Reprint provides a comprehensive overview of current developments and future perspectives in the valorization of bee products as sources of biologically active compounds. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers, academics, and professionals working in apiculture, food technology, nutrition, and related scientific disciplines.

Pollution from potentially toxic elements (PTEs) has emerged as a critical global concern due to rapid population growth, industrialization, and urban expansion. These elements, known for their persistence and biotoxicity, pose significant risks to ecosystems and human health. PTEs can enter the human body through dermal contact, inhalation, and ingestion via contaminated food and water. Their widespread presence across environmental matrices - soil, water, air, and sediments - demands urgent scientific attention. Environmental geochemistry plays a key role in identifying and characterizing the distribution and sources of PTEs, using geostatistical tools to trace both natural and anthropogenic origins. This Special Issue collects contributions that explore the behavior, transport, fate, and ecotoxicological impact of PTEs in urban and suburban environments. Topics of interest include PTE bioavailability, mapping, spatial data analysis, and pollution from geogenic and anthropogenic sources.

The Healthy Ageing Challenge aims for people to enjoy at least five extra healthy independent years of life by 2035 while narrowing the gap between the experiences of the richest and poorest. Regular physical activity is important for healthy ageing, not only for maintaining health in midlife but also for maintaining health, independence, and quality of life as people become older. Global physical activity guidelines highlight the benefits and importance of helping adults to adopt and maintain regular physical activity participation throughout the course of life and not only in later life, and interventions and activities that support this aspiration are so important. As experienced researchers, Professor Andy Pringle and Dr Nicky Kime's text, Interventions to Promote Physical Activity and Healthy Ageing, features contributions reporting the impact and implementation of physical activity interventions for adults and older adults, as well as the experiences of performing research and evaluation in this context in a diverse range of projects.

In the past decade, the rapid increase in the production of fossil energy has been made possible by effective reservoir stimulation and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies for unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. As one of the most important reservoir stimulation technologies, hydraulic fracturing  aims to increase the contact area between the target formation and production well. Such stimulation technologies usually involve complex fluid–solid coupling processes, including fracture initiation, fracture propagation, and fracture conductivity, etc. Enhanced oil recovery has been used to solve the problem of oil rate declining sharply after a period of production. In this process, some special chemicals will be injected into the reservoir to increase the recovery effectiveness of the residual oil. EOR processes often involve complex physical–chemical processes, including liquid emulsification, water–rock reactions, etc. Therefore, the progress of reservoir stimulation and EOR t

Energy transitions and environmental sustainability does not occur overnight as it may take years of policy debates both from within domestic jurisdictions and from international organisations. It often requires energy saving technology innovations to drive appropriate investment decisions that can then allow energy transition to occur. There is no one global solution. Countries progress in their energy transition goals by taking small steps as demonstrated in this special issue, “Energy Transition and Environmental Sustainability”. This Special Issue provides thirteen interesting papers showing examples of projects undertaken or challenges encountered in various countries, such as: Legal reforms for energy transition in Taiwan and Japan; Transition towards solar PV in South Korea; Transition to electricity driven buses in Central Europe;  Vehicle transition and the development of electric car production in the United States, the European Union and Japan; Cooling solutions for buildi

Since first receiving approval in 1986, antibody-based therapeutics have been the most successful modality for the treatment of various diseases. This Special Issue of IJMS, “Recent Advances in Antibody Therapeutics”, presents leading-edge articles and reviews for discovery, development, and clinical applications of therapeutic antibodies, covering antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), GPCR-targeting antibodies, a functional antibody screening, bioassay of bispecific antibodies, antibody applications for cardiovascular diseases, antibody delivery to CNS, etc. The excellent studies in this Special Issue would valuable insight for scientists and clinicians in the field of therapeutic antibodies   Related Books Toxin and Immunotoxin Based Therapeutic Approaches Biology & Life Sciences ... Emerging Antibody Engineering Strategies and Applications for Immunotherapy of Cancer Biology & Life Sciences Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody Products, Their Optimization and Drug Design in

Dear Readers, Understanding the pathological mechanisms involved in human diseases and their possible treatment has been historically based on comparative analysis of diverse animal species that share a similar genetic, physiological and behavioural composition. The ancient Greeks were the first to use animals as models for anatomy and physiology, and this was consequently adopted by other cultures and led to important discoveries. In recent years, there have been many efforts to understand and fight cancer through new revolutionary personalized treatments and wider screenings that help diagnose and treat cancer. A fundamental part of this effort is to develop suitable cancer animal models that simulate the different disease variants and their progression. Ranging from tumor-derived xenografts to genetically engineered models, a wide variety of systems are applied for this purpose, and many technological breakthroughs are changing the way cancer is studied and analyzed. In this Sp

This book, entitled “Mesoporous Metal Oxide Films”, contains an editorial and a collection of ten research articles covering fundamental studies and applications of different metal oxide films. Mesoporous materials have been widely investigated and applied in many technological applications owing to their outstanding structural and physical properties. In this book, important developments in this fast-moving field are presented from various research groups around the world. Different preparation methods and applications of these novel and interesting materials have been reported, and it was demonstrated that mesoporosity has a direct impact on the properties and potential applications of such materials. The potential use of mesoporous metal oxide films and coatings with different morphology and structures is demonstrated in many technological applications, particularly chemical and electrochemical sensors, supercapacitors, solar cells, photoelectrodes, bioceramics, photonic switches,

This Special Issue on "New Advances in Lens Biology and Pathology" highlights major recent developments and discoveries from leading international experts in the field. Due to its well-defined structure and clear cellular and developmental processes, the eye lens serves as an exceptional cross-species model for investigating the structural and molecular mechanisms that regulate both normal and aberrant cellular behavior. Through this collection, we aim to share insights derived from this model with a broader scientific community, demonstrating the significant value and unique advantages of lens research.

In recent decades, crop breeding has greatly benefited from the knowledge of plant genomics and genetics, as well as the development of modern biotechnologies. It is imperative to explore the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms underlying various plant developmental and growth processes, as it underpins crop yield, grain quality, and stress adaptions. The goal of this Special Issue, “Research on Plant Genomics and Breeding 2.0”, in IJMS is to present an overview of the latest fundamental discoveries in the field of plant genomics, as well as the potential utilization of biotechnologies in crop genetic improvement.

Human activity recognition (HAR) has been playing an increasingly important role in the digital age. High-quality sensory observations applicable to recognizing users' activities, whether through external or internal (wearable) sensing technology, are inseparable from sensors' sophisticated design and appropriate application. Having been studied and verified adequately, traditional sensors suitable for human activity recognition—such as external sensors for smart homes, optical sensors like cameras for capturing video signals, and bioelectrical and biomechanical sensors for wearable applications—continue to be researched in depth for more effective and efficient usage. Here, the number of specific areas of life facilitated by sensor-based HAR has been continuously increasing. Meanwhile, innovative sensor research for HAR is also very active in the academic community, including brand new types of sensors appropriate for HAR, new designs and applications of the abovementioned traditional sensors, and the introduction of non-traditional HAR-related sensor types into HAR tasks, among other research avenues. The Special Issue Sensors for Human Activity Recognition has received a total of 30 submissions so far, and from these, this new edition will publish 10 academic articles. From hardware to software, from pipelines to applications, from handcrafted features to domain generalization, and from shallow learning to deep and even large language models, the collected literature will provide readers in related fields with state-of-the-art approaches to many challenges in HAR.

Biomedical imaging has arguably demonstrated the most rapid advancements in the entire biomedical field in the recent decade. Besides the expansion of established imaging instrumentation into broader applications in tissue, cellular, and molecular diagnostic imaging, there have been substantial modifications in the imaging protocols that have progressed the capabilities of these existing imaging modalities. Technological advancements are stimulating further novel approaches in diagnosis and in the measurement, as well as monitoring, of treatment outcomes. The adaptation of innovations in imaging technologies, methods, and protocols for broader applications is often limited by the inability to share them with investigators outside their original field. Therefore, it is crucial to facilitate the sharing of such advances in biomedical imaging that occur in a particular field with other areas. A broader vision exploring the full potential of an innovation often requires adding a new, per

It is a great pleasure to provide you this Special Issue of Nutrients related to the 5th International Conference “Vitamin D—Minimum, Maximum, Optimum”, under the auspices of the European Vitamin D Association (EVIDAS). The conference and the forthcoming papers serve as an international forum for the presentation and discussion of current basic and clinical research in the field of vitamin D. Organizing this subsequent Special Issue was truly challenging, given that vitamin D has recently been shown by prestigious medical journals to be an epiphenomenon that coincides with diseases, and that the correction of vitamin D deficits has limited clinical meaning. On the other hand, it was recognized that vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem with potential negative consequences on health, welfare, and morbidity during growth and adulthood, therefore influencing healthcare services worldwide. Thus, due to mutually exclusive conclusions, it was essential to discuss and share scien

This book is a reprint of the Special Issue "Rehabilitation and Robotics: Are They Working Well Together?" It reports contributes on the integration of robotics in the rehabilitation processes focused on the clinical experience and acceptance, the emerging risks, the ethics, and new researches in the field of the social robots. Related Books Assistive Technologies in Care and Rehabilitation Public Health & Healthcare ... Exoskeleton Robotic Systems Engineering Neurorehabilitation: Looking Back and Moving Forward Biology & Life Sciences Assistance Robotics and Biosensors 2019 Public Health & Healthcare ... Technology in Rehabilitative Interventions for Children Biology & Life Sciences The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: Book Series Reprints Book/Chapter Pr

In recent years, the increasing consumer concern towards food safety, environmental sustainability and social justice issues have stimulated new consumption practices more oriented towards social, economic and environmental sustainability. These include the growing consumers' preferences towards organic food, local food, and other sustainable foods and beverages consumption, as well as the spread of alternative distribution chains, which emphasize the short-distance transportation of food and the direct relationship between consumers and producers. In addition, these sustainable consumption practices seem also to involve tourist destination choices, rural tourism and gastronomy interest. This Special Issue aims to contribute to the literature on sustainable consumption practices by enriching discussions on consumers experiences and by emphasizing the motivational and demographic factors as well as the cultural and situational factors that guide consumer behaviour towards these practi

In the field of Analytical Chemistry and, in particular, whenever a quali-quantitative analysis is required, until a few years ago, reference was made exclusively to instrumental methods (more or less hyphenated) which, once validated, were able to provide the answers to the questions present, even if only in a limited way to analytical targets. Nowadays, the landscape has become considerably complicated (natural adulterants, assessment of geographical origin, sophistication, need for non-destructive analysis, search for often unknown compounds), and new procedures for processing data have greatly increased the potential of analyses that are conducted (even routinely) in the laboratory. In this scenario, chemometrics is master, able to manage and process a huge amount of information based both on data relating only to the analytes of interest, but also by applying “general” procedures to process raw untargeted analysis data. It is within this strand of analysis that many of the works

Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest global health challenges of the twenty-first century, affecting human, animal, and environmental health and threatening modern medicine. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance are driven by complex interactions among clinical settings, agricultural systems, food production, wildlife, environmental reservoirs, and human activities. Understanding antibiotic resistance thus requires an integrated One Health perspective that considers the interconnectedness of these sectors. This Reprint presents recent advances in antibiotic resistance research across environmental, agricultural, nutritional, veterinary, and clinical contexts. Key topics include the ecology of resistance genes and resistant microorganisms, the role of microbiomes and resistomes as resistance reservoirs, horizontal gene transfer, the impact of contaminants such as heavy metals and biocides, and the contribution of human activities to resistance dissemination. This Reprint also covers innovative surveillance strategies, molecular and omics-based approaches, risk assessment frameworks, and interventions to mitigate resistance spread across ecosystems. By integrating multidisciplinary perspectives, this Reprint highlights current challenges and emerging opportunities for addressing antibiotic resistance through collaborative research, evidence-based policies, and sustainable practices. It offers an updated overview of resistance mechanisms, drivers, and consequences, reinforcing the importance of One Health approaches for safeguarding public, animal, and environmental health.

The global rise in life expectancy has brought increased attention to age-related health challenges, particularly those associated with oxidative stress. As a result, bioactive compounds have emerged as key components in the promotion of health and the prevention of chronic diseases. Numerous epidemiological studies suggest that a diet rich in antioxidant bioactive compounds can have beneficial effects on human health, potentially reducing the risk of diseases linked to oxidative stress, metabolic imbalance, and age-related functional decline. The current Reprint Edition of the Special Issue focuses on several key areas: the extraction, purification, and structural elucidation of novel bioactive compounds from natural sources; the characterization of these compounds for potential use in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical applications; and the investigation of their metabolic pathways and biological activities using advanced analytical techniques, including metabolomics. These studies contribute to a deeper understanding of how bioactive compounds support health and help mitigate the effects of aging and disease.

Bone defects caused by trauma, tumor, infection and a variety of congenital diseases are among the most common orthopedic disorders, and the clinical management of non-union bone defects is still a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. In recent years, bone implants based on metals, ceramics, and polymers have been widely utilized and helped millions of patients. However, the rapid growth of the elderly demographic has tremendously intensified the occurrence of bone trauma cases, requiring once again the further development of effective strategies for bone reconstruction and regeneration. Therefore, the development of scaffolds and implants with new compositions, three-dimensional configurations, proper mechanical properties, and particular interactions with cells is highly expected. These new biomaterials may effectively promote bone regeneration and thus have a significant impact on individual patients and health care systems. In this Special Issue, we would like to present an innovative perspective on the scaffolds and implants for bone regeneration. Topics will include but not be limited to, the following: scaffold design and fabrication; biocompatibility and biodegradability; host response to implants; cell–scaffold interactions; and scaffold-based drug delivery. Both original research articles and reviews are very welcome.