Perpustakaan Digital

Non-destructive testing and evaluation are commonly referred to as the vast group of analysis techniques used in civil, medical, and industrial sectors to evaluate the properties of materials, tissues, components, or structures, without causing any damage. Automation offers many benefits for non-destructive testing to cope with increasing demands, including improved reliability and higher inspection speeds. Additionally, robots enable inspections in locations that are not easily accessible to human operators and allow for humans to be removed from potentially dangerous environments. However, the perceived complexity and high costs have limited the adoption of automation. As a result, the full potential that could be derived from the seamless integration of robotic platforms with sensors, actuators, and software has not been fully explored; it could still revolutionise the way that automated inspections are performed and conceived. The recent advancements in electronics, robotics, sen

The production and supply of raw materials is a basic ecosystem service, the origin of multiple production value chains. In 2011, the European Union elaborated a list of critical raw materials (CRMs), taking the economic and strategic importance for the European economy and the supply risk. Although focused mainly on the energy sector, the USA, Canada, and other countries took recently similar steps. Despite the great inertia characterising the mineral raw materials sector, some steps towards the Industry 4.0 paradigm can be envisaged. Significant challenges to the mining sector are the appropriate process design using the best available technologies; the increase in energy efficiency; the responsible use of water and handling of mining wastes; the social acceptance of the activity; and the digitalisation challenge. This book aims to propose strategies that can help face those challenges, especially in increasing energy efficiency in comminution operations. Related Books Critical Me

Although the design and management of manufacturing systems have been explored in the literature for many years now, they still remain topical problems in the current scientific research. The changing market trends, globalization, the constant pressure to reduce production costs, and technical and technological progress make it necessary to search for new manufacturing methods and ways of organizing them, and to modify manufacturing system design paradigms. This book presents  current research in different areas connected with the design and management of manufacturing systems and covers such subject areas as: methods supporting the design of manufacturing systems, methods of improving maintenance processes in companies, the design and improvement of manufacturing processes, the control of production processes in modern manufacturing systems production methods and techniques used in modern manufacturing systems and      environmental aspects of production and their impact on the desig

This Special Issue presents ten key studies focused on minimizing energy intensity across the geo-energy lifecycle. It is structured around three core themes: unconventional reservoir stimulation and wellbore engineering, data- and intelligence-driven production optimization, and subsurface storage safety with thermal property characterization. The first section introduces transformative low-energy stimulation and wellbore intensification strategies. Innovations include optimized asymmetric fracture networks for efficient proppant placement, integrated acidizing-flowback systems for deep offshore operations, and one-trip shape-memory completion tools that passively reinforce wellbores. The second part pioneers data- and intelligence-driven frameworks for optimization. Advanced deep learning models, such as CNN-BiGRU with multi-head attention and TCN-LSTM-AVOA workflows, achieve high accuracy in predicting downhole pressure and production dynamics. The final segment addresses enablers for sustainable systems, featuring a software tool for crack arrest assessment in CO₂ pipelines and integrated methods for predicting in situ rock thermal conductivity. These contributions enhance the safety of CCUS transport and support the low-energy design of geothermal systems. Collectively, this volume synthesizes experimental, computational, and field-applicable advances to reduce pumping energy, fluid circulation, and operational risks, charting a path toward a more efficient and sustainable geo-energy industry.

To meet the ever-increasing global demand for food, the agricultural community continues to seek innovative practices to boost crop yields without sacrificing the environment. For example, using huge amounts of fertilizers hampers soil health and generates pollution. Integrated nutrient management paves the way towards overcoming these problems, which involves the conjunctive use of chemical fertilizers and organic manures. The application of plant nutrients in an optimum ratio and adequate amounts is called “Balanced Fertilization”. Sustainable Fertilization Management is the proper supply of all nutrients throughout the growth of a crop. It is now commonly understood that irrational and/or excessive fertilizer application does not always translate into a continuous increase in crop yield. In contrast, a balanced fertilization strategy is economically superior, and is a more sustainable agricultural practice. According to the “Liebig’s barrel” principle, plant growth is dictated by the scarcest resource (limiting factor), and not by the total resources available. A deficiency in one nutrient cannot be compensated by a surplus of any of the others. Thus, one nutrient alone cannot ensure the yield, and a balance between the nutrients is essential to ensure attainment of yields according to the genetic potential of the crops. Hence, research in this field must be up to date, and is crucial for science and the practice of horticulture.

According to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (contribution of WG III on mitigation), historical cumulative net CO2 emissions between 1850 and 2019 amount to about four-fifths of the total carbon budget for a 50\% probability of limiting global warming to 1.5°C. Progressing towards net-zero GHG emissions is therefore necessary, both in new constructions and by retrofitting existing buildings. This Special Issue deals with novel solutions for reaching this objective and, particularly, new zero-carbon building concepts and low-carbon construction products, e.g., bio-based materials; low-carbon equipment for heating, cooling, hot-water production, ventilation, and lighting; integration of renewable energy systems in buildings; energy-efficient building management and control systems; and applications of IoT and/or AI in buildings.

Sensors used to diagnose, monitor or treat diseases in the medical domain are known as medical sensors. There are several types of medical sensors that can be utilized for various applications, such as temperature probes, force sensors, pressure sensors, oximeters, electrocardiogram sensors that measure the electrical activity of the heart, heart rate sensors, electroencephalogram sensors that measure the electrical activity of the brain, electromyogram sensors that record electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles, and respiration rate sensors that count how many times the chest rises in a minute. The output of these sensors used to be interpreted by humans, which was time consuming and tedious; however, such interpretations became easy with advances in artificial intelligence (AI) techniques and the integration of the sensor outputs into computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) systems. This reprint presents some of the state-of-the-art AI approaches that are used to diagnose differen

This Special Issue explores empirical studies of emotional mechanisms, qualitative and quantitative measurements of emotion, the recognition of emotional contexts, and the application of emotion. We introduce fourteen papers, ranging from lab-based studies aimed at understanding emotional mechanisms to applying emotion recognition in the real world (e.g., in driving, games, education, and virtual avatars). This Special Issue explores empirical studies of emotional mechanisms, qualitative and quantitative measurements of emotion, the recognition of emotional contexts, and the application of emotion. We introduce fourteen papers, ranging from lab-based studies aimed at understanding emotional mechanisms to applying emotion recognition in the real world (e.g., in driving, games, education, and virtual avatars). Related Books Ability-Related Emotional Intelligence: Knowns, Unknowns, and Future Directions Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities Ubiquitous Technologies for Emotion Recognition

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) can be broadly divided into several regions: the stomach, the small intestine (which is subdivided to duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), and the colon. The conditions and environment in each of these segments, and even within the segment, are dependent on many factors, e.g., the surrounding pH, fluid composition, transporters expression, metabolic enzymes activity, tight junction resistance, different morphology along the GIT, variable intestinal mucosal cell differentiation, changes in drug concentration (in cases of carrier-mediated transport), thickness and types of mucus, and resident microflora. Each of these variables, alone or in combination with others, can fundamentally alter the solubility/dissolution, the intestinal permeability, and the overall absorption of various drugs. This is the underlying mechanistic basis of regional-dependent intestinal drug absorption, which has led to many attempts to deliver drugs to specific regions throughout the

Although sphingolipids are ubiquitous components of cellular membranes, their abundance in cells is generally lower than glycerolipids or cholesterol, representing less than 20\% of total lipid mass. Following their discovery in the brain—which contains the largest amounts of sphingolipids in the body—and first description in 1884 by J.L.W. Thudichum, sphingolipids have been overlooked for almost a century, perhaps due to their complexity and enigmatic nature. When sphingolipidoses were discovered, a series of inherited diseases caused by enzyme mutations involved in sphingolipid degradation returned to the limelight. The essential breakthrough came decades later, in the 1990s, with the discovery that sphingolipids were not just structural elements of cellular membranes but intra- and extracellular signaling molecules. It turned out that their lipid backbones, including ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate, had selective physiological functions. Thus, sphingolipids emerged as essential

This Reprint gathers recent research on bioactive polyphenolic compounds in foods and natural samples, with particular attention to realistic matrices and practical applications. Polyphenols represent one of the most diverse groups of plant secondary metabolites and are widely distributed in fruits, vegetables and numerous botanical resources. Their relevance extends beyond their well-known antioxidant activity, as these molecules influence sensory properties, technological stability, and biological interactions within food systems and living organisms. The articles explore polyphenols in complex natural environments, with emphasis on authentic food matrices, plant tissues, and real-world samples, where interactions with other constituents can significantly affect polyphenol stability, transformation, and bioactivity. The works contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of how polyphenolic compounds behave in practical contexts. A further focus is the investigation of underutilized plant materials and agricultural byproducts as valuable sources of polyphenols. Such approaches support the development of sustainable strategies for resource valorization and expand the range of functional ingredients for food, nutraceutical and related applications. Overall, the contributions provide updated insights into analytical characterization, biological activity, and technological implications of polyphenolic compounds. They highlight current directions in polyphenol research and illustrate how studies conducted on real samples can support innovation in food science, natural product chemistry, and sustainable use of plant resources.

The Special Issue, “Sensors for Physiological Monitoring and Digital Health”, successfully bridged different scientific disciplines, providing a platform for highly innovative research. The issue showcased the significant potential of health monitoring through physiological signals for personalized healthcare. It highlighted the need for long-term monitoring in both clinical settings, to aid in diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing patient care, and in home settings, to offer continuous remote monitoring, potentially improving health outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. Reliable monitoring of vital parameters like EEG, EMG, and heart rate for elderly and chronic patients, a challenge effectively met by developing continuous, real-time, and nonintrusive wearable, highly integrated sensor networks. The issue captured the rapid growth of the wearable medical device market and the evolution of biosensors and textile-based technologies, driven by advancements in microfabrication, flexible electronics, nanomaterials, and advances in wireless communication. It also explored how physiological monitoring using AI-powered digital health platforms is redefining healthcare, improving the quality of patient personalized care, and delivering value to all stakeholders. This collection of research now stands as a valuable resource, capturing the state-of-the-art in this exciting and emerging field.

Landscape architecture, traditionally seen as a blend of art and science, is evolving rapidly due to data and technological advancements. This Special Issue reprints 10 groundbreaking articles from Land, underscoring how new technologies transform landscape design, evaluation, and management.The articles explore the following: 1. Expand Landscape Architecture: Advanced tools enable landscape architects to address a broader range of environmental and social issues, fostering sustainability and inclusivity; 2. Innovate Design Practices: Technological breakthroughs enhance creative expression and functionality, leading to more dynamic and user-focused landscapes. 3. Revolutionize Evaluation and Management: Data-driven methods are reshaping project assessment and management, offering deeper insights into user behavior and environmental impacts. These articles represent innovative research in landscape architecture, covering the following: 1. Big data analytics for evaluating public spaces;Generative adversarial networks (GANs) for color rendering in park designs; 2. GIS and machine learning for wildlife habitat analysis; 3. Spatial analysis for assessing urban green space access inequalities; 4. Content mining for insights into tourist perceptions. This Special Issue is significant for landscape architects, urban planners, environmental scientists, and others invested in the future of our built environment, highlighting how embracing innovation helps redefine landscape architecture and contributes to a more sustainable, livable world for future generations.

This Special Issue comprises 17 research articles and 2 review articles, covering studies on both individual and composite polymer modifications. Topics include high-content polymer-modified bitumen, epoxy resin adhesives, SBS-modified bitumen, PE-modified bitumen, crumb-rubber-modified bitumen, and biopolymeric capsules and bitumen rejuvenators. Related Books Innovative Approaches in Asphalt Binder Modification and Performance Chemistry & Materials Science Asphalt Pavement Materials and Surface Engineering Sustainable Designed Pavement Materials Chemistry & Materials Science ... Sustainable Designed Pavement Materials Chemistry & Materials Science ... Polymeric Composites in Road and Bridge Engineering: Characterization, Production and Application Engineering The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexin

In the last few years, huge amounts of progress have been made regarding remote sensing in the field of computer vision. This success and progress is mostly due to the effectiveness of deep learning (DL) algorithms. In addition, the remote sensing community has shifted its attention to DL, and DL algorithms have been used to achieve significant success in many image analysis tasks. However, with regard to remote sensing, a number of challenges caused by difficulties in data acquisition and annotation have not been fully solved yet. This reprint is a collection of novel developments in the field of remote sensing using computer vision, deep learning, and artificial intelligence. The articles published involve fundamental theoretical analyses as well as those demonstrating their application to real-world problems. Related Books Deep Learning and Computer Vision in Remote Sensing-II Engineering Advanced Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches for Remote Sensing Environmental & E

Natural polysaccharides, such as cellulose and chitin, possess unique hierarchical nanoarchitectures that can never be artificially reconstructed, and their nano-organized structures are involved in the hidden materials functions with great potential. Pioneering the emerging functions of nano-organized polysaccharides will break through to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Related Books Polysaccharide-Based Materials Chemistry & Materials Science ... Advanced Biopolymer-Based Nanocomposites and Hybrid Materials Chemistry & Materials Science Advanced Cellulose-Based Materials Chemistry & Materials Science Functional Natural-Based Polymers Biology & Life Sciences Advances in Chitin/Chitosan Characterization and Applications Chemistry & Materials Science The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexin

The objective of this Special Issue is to provide new contributions in the area of biomass valorization using heterogeneous catalysts and focusing specifically on the structure/activity relationships of specific and important oxidation, hydrogenation, hydrodeoxygenation and biocatalytic processes. The issue emphasizes the influence of the design and morphology of the catalyst, in terms of particle size, redox and acid-base properties and catalyst stability. Finally, mechanistic studies and examples of design and optimization of industrial processes are presented. Related Books Catalytic Conversion of Energy Resources into High Value-Added Products Chemistry & Materials Science ... Catalysis for the Production of Sustainable Fuels and Chemicals Chemistry & Materials Science ... Catalytic Energy Conversion and Catalytic Environmental Purification Chemistry & Materials Science New Concepts in Oxidation Processes Chemistry & Materials Science Catalytic Processes for The Valorisation of Bi

Multi-sensor fusion plays an important role in medical imaging, diagnosis and therapy. Recently, with the advancement of various imaging modalities such as ultrasound, computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), the fusion of various imaging data has aroused great interest among researchers. Effective fusion algorithms significantly influence the quality of fused data, thereby affecting final diagnoses and chosen therapies. Traditional fusion methods based on sparse representation and multi-scale decomposition have been explored in depth. Deep learning-based fusion methods can generally deliver efficient data fusion by combining the convolutional neural network or transformer and unsupervised loss function. As part of the research on fusion methods, great efforts have been made to explore the application of fusion methods in disease diagnosis and therapy, such as PET–CT fusion for lung cancer detection and MR–ultrasound fusion for targeted prostate biopsy.

One of the most important breakthroughs of the 20th century was the discovery of how short RNA molecules from the genomic “dark matter” can control invasive genetic elements or fine-tune endogenous gene expression. The collective name of these pathways is RNA interference (RNAi), or “gene silencing”, and the main players here are short, single-stranded RNA molecules in complex with Argonaute proteins. The scientific significance of these small RNA-based regulatory pathways was recognized by the awarding of the Nobel Prize in 2006 for the discovery of RNAi and by the recently awarded 2024 Nobel Prize for the discovery of miRNAs. This reprint is mainly a tribute to the diversity of the miRNA pathway. The selected articles provide an overview not only of some molecular aspects of the maturation of these tiny regulators but also provide evidence of how miRNAs control cell proliferation and differentiation and how their misregulation could lead to the formation of various types of cancer. As certain gene therapy applications also involve miRNA-based strategies, the importance of understanding the molecular details of this pathway clearly extends beyond pure scientific interest. This collection of articles not only presents scientific discoveries using cutting-edge technologies in several model systems but also provides evidence of how modern molecular genetics, as well as molecular medicine, can benefit from an in-depth understanding of the miRNA pathway.

Various metals (including precious, critical and strategic metals) are needed for technologies, the sustainable development of society and everyday life. The demand for metals will increase over time. The processing of lower-grade and complex ores and metal extraction waste is essential, necessitating the implementation of novel approaches and technologies for carrying out mineral processing and metal extraction. To ensure a sufficient supply of metals in the future, they need to be recovered from unconventional sources. To produce metals, mined minerals must pass through a mineral beneficiation stage, followed by metallurgy/hydrometallurgy, or sometimes, they are directly subjected to hydrometallurgy. The flotation concentration of metal-containing ores is the most used mineral beneficiation process. Its efficiency depends on the preparation of minerals, the flotation reagent type and the concentration and other parameters of the flotation process, such as pulp pH values and oxidation–reduction conditions, temperature, applied external energy impacts, etc. A section of this Special Issue focuses on developments in flotation. Hydrometallurgical technology is a powerful means of extracting metals from concentrates, as well as low-grade ores and ores containing precious metals or rare earth elements (REEs). Another section is devoted to studies on hydrometallurgical methods. The waste obtained from mining, mineral processing and extractive metallurgy represents an unconventional source of metals. The third section of this Special Issue considers the extraction of metals from solid and liquid mining waste.

Fast, non-destructive detection technology and equipment for food quality and safety is a powerful technical support tool to ensure the development of food industry informatization and intelligence, with the advantages of fast speed, convenient operation, and easy online inspection. During the past two decades, such technologies have found numerous successful applications for food and agricultural product detection and processing. Owing to improvements in the manufacturing of photoelectric sensor pieces and progress in artificial intelligence and software algorithms, fast non-destructive detection technologies are able to provide more accurate, reliable, and stable solutions for food quality and safety detection and processing. They are closely integrated with the Internet of Things and intelligent manufacturing, promoting a new wave of innovation in intelligent manufacturing in the food industry. The application of new sensing technology and equipment in the fast, non-destructive de

This reprint of “Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery and Cancer Therapy” covers the recent advances in the use of nanoparticle systems, with an emphasis on preparation and characterization methods, functionalization chemistry, and their associated applications in drug delivery and cancer therapy. Related Books Applications of Nanomaterials in Biomedical Imaging and Cancer Therapy Biology & Life Sciences ... Nanomedicine Based Drug Delivery Systems: Recent Developments and Future Prospects Medicine & Pharmacology Applications of Nanomaterials in Biomedical Imaging and Cancer Therapy II Medicine & Pharmacology New Avenues of Research for Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems Biology & Life Sciences ... Application of Nanomaterials in Biomedical Imaging and Cancer Therapy Biology & Life Sciences ... The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sale

This reprint presents advances in operation and maintenance in solar plants, wind farms and microgrids. This compendium of scientific articles will help clarify the current advances in this subject, so it is expected that it will please the reader. Related Books Maintenance Management of Wind Turbines Environmental & Earth Sciences ... Advances in Diagnostic Analysis, Strategic Management, and Proactive Maintenance of Electrical Equipment Engineering Advanced Control and Operation of Microgrids and Power Distribution Systems Engineering AI-Enhanced Operation and Management of Renewable Energy-Integrated Power Systems Environmental & Earth Sciences ... Optimal Operation and Planning of Smart Power Distribution Networks Engineering The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Inf

To meet the global food demand of an increasing population, food production has to be increased by 60\% by 2050. The main production constraints, such as climate change, biotic stresses, abiotic stresses, soil nutrition deficiency problems, problematic soils, etc., have to be addressed on an urgent basis. More than 50\% of human calories are from three major cereals: rice, wheat, and maize. The harnessing of genetic diversity by novel allele mining assisted by recent advances in biotechnological and bioinformatics tools will enhance the utilization of the hidden treasures in the gene bank. Technological advances in plant breeding will provide some solutions for the biofortification, stress resistance, yield potential, and quality improvement in staple crops. The elucidation of the genetic, physiological, and molecular basis of useful traits and the improvement of the improved donors containing multiple traits are key activities for variety development. High-throughput genotyping systems