Perpustakaan Digital

Machine learning and deep learning have made tremendous progress over the last decade and have become the de facto standard across a wide range of image, video, text, and sound processing domains, from object recognition to image generation. Recently, deep learning and deep reinforcement learning have begun to develop end-to-end training to solve more complex operation research and combinatorial optimization problems, such as covering problems, vehicle routing problems, traveling salesman problems, scheduling problems, and other complex problems requiring general simulations. These methods also sometimes include classic search and optimization algorithms for machine learning, such as Monte Carlo Tree Search in AlphaGO. The present reprint contains all of the articles accepted and published in the Special Issue of Mathematics entitled "Advances in Machine Learning and Mathematical Modeling for Optimization Problems”. The articles presented in this Special Issue provide insights into r

In nature, urban groundwater results in multiple processes, including climatic, geological, geomorphological, geochemical, ecotoxicological, and hydraulic processes, in addition to sanitation, all of which sustain varied ecological services. Urban development profoundly impacts hydrological systems, particularly in the invisible component of the water cycle, the groundwater. That impact was perceived a considerable while in the past, and the initial focus was drawn to societal roles in the development of urbanisation and the consequent contamination and pollution of hydrosystems. Additional issues in sustainable water resource management and hydrological cycle comprehension are added by urbanisation. The Special Issue highlights the presentation and discussion of model urban studies and reflections that describe the current state-of-the-art methods on challenges and emerging fields related to the mapping, characterisation, assessment, mitigation, and protection of sustainable groundw

The need for operational research (OR) tools and techniques is manifested in its ability to balance conflicting objectives (goals or interests) where there are many alternative courses of action available to the decision-maker when resources, time, and funds are limited. Therefore, beyond the domain of theoretical knowledge and model-building activities, OR has all of the pervasive applications in decision making regarding problems in sustainable engineering, sustainable society, and business. OR tools and techniques find applications in all aspects of sustainability operations, such as sustainable supply chain planning, sustainable distribution, sustainable traffic flow optimization, industrial waste reduction, energy conservation, sustainable city planning, etc. Over the years, the applications of OR have been extended to solving the problems of communication of information and socio-economic fields. In this context, the academic community needs to take the lead in the design, deve

The special issue contains research papers with various topics in many different branches of mathematics, applied mathematics, and mathematical physics.  Each paper presents mathematical theory, methods, and their application based on current and recent developing symmetric polynomials. Also, each one aims to provide the full understanding of current research problems, theories, and applications on the chosen topics and contains the most recent advances made in the area of symmetric functions and polynomials. Related Books Current Trends in Symmetric Polynomials with their Applications Computer Science & Mathematics Orthogonal Polynomials and Special Functions: Recent Trends and Their Applications Computer Science & Mathematics ... Polynomials Computer Science & Mathematics Polynomials: Special Polynomials and Number-Theoretical Applications Computer Science & Mathematics Symmetry in the Mathematical Inequalities Computer Science & Mathematics The recommendations have been generated

This Special Issue focuses on fermentation as an effective strategy to improve the functional and nutritional value of foods. The collected contributions highlight recent advances in the use of microorganisms to enhance food quality, safety, and health-promoting properties. The articles explore a wide range of topics, including the characterization of fermented foods and beverages, the role of bioactive compounds, and the impact of fermentation on antioxidant capacity and nutritional profiles. Particular attention is given to innovative approaches for developing functional foods with potential benefits for human health. Overall, this Special Issue provides a comprehensive overview of current research in food fermentation, offering valuable insights for scientists, food technologists, and nutrition researchers interested in sustainable and health-oriented food production.

In “Theoretical Issues on Systems Science”, we present theoretical issues including theoretical incompleteness, multiplicity, systems as networks and chaos, game theory, and meta-structures. Other less explored research topics include equivalence and tolerance in systems, pending systems, recurrence and self-reflexivity, remote synchronization, and the significance of using complex numbers in system models. The first group of papers addresses theoretical aspects, including 1) the role of noise in complex systems; 2) the potential of general systems theory to serve as a theory of everything; 3) the drawbacks of applying classical axiomatic deductive mathematical approaches to topics such as control evolution by rewriting DNA “instructions”; 4) the near non-existence of purely "theory-free" approaches and the balance between theoretical and empirical contributions; 5) the neglect in reductionism in that systems acquire properties and the assumption that multiple, variable interactions of complexity can be analytically “zipped”; and 6) tree-based methods for statistical learning, for which the author presents a systems theory-based framework to speed up discrete event system stochastic simulations. The second group of papers examines theoretical aspects within specific fields, including 1) human dynamics; 2) human cognition; 3) complex physiological processes; 4) medicine; 5) chemical organization theory; and 6) psychotherapy.

Many advances in the technologies that underpin biosciences have accelerated the potential for the application of novel approaches to the major challenges of human health and wellbeing. It is important that those developing these technologies connect with those looking to apply them to deliver new solutions. This Special Issue of Applied Biosciences includes contributions focused on diverse applications of biological research and technology.

The most important class of polymers is block copolymers (BCPs) since they can be prepared through different methods and exhibit various properties combined with chemically different segments. The importance of block copolymers can be supported by the multitude of related manuscripts published daily, their use in practical applications in almost all areas, and novel discoveries based on BCPs in many aspects of life. This Special Issue focuses on various matters from different areas of block copolymer research, showing advances and applications in self-assembly, crystallization, synthesis, chemical modification, 3D printing, membranes, energy materials, nanotechnology, hybrid materials, micelles, order–disorder transition, and biomaterials. Related Books Block Copolymers with Crystallizable Blocks: Synthesis, Self-Assembly and Applications Chemistry & Materials Science Advanced Polymers for Biomedical Applications Chemistry & Materials Science Advances in Polymeric Materials for Biom

Due to the intensive development of the global economy, many problems are constantly emerging connected to the safety of ships’ motion in the context of increasing marine traffic. These problems seem to be especially significant for the further development of marine transportation services, with the need to considerably increase their efficiency and reliability. One of the most commonly used approaches to ensuring safety and efficiency is the wide implementation of various automated systems for guidance and control, including such popular systems as marine autopilots, dynamic positioning systems, speed control systems, automatic routing installations, etc. This Special Issue focuses on various problems related to the analysis, design, modelling, and operation of the aforementioned systems. It covers such actual problems as tracking control, path following control, ship weather routing, course keeping control, control of autonomous underwater vehicles, ship collision avoidance. These

Digital media have become an indispensable element of a growing number of human practices that depend on these platforms to a great extent. In consequence, they have been configured as central infrastructures in our lives, with the ability to shape society and politics. These technologies have changed how contemporary politics are performed. This affects the relationship between journalism and politics, which has always played a central role in democratic societies. It is essential for setting the agenda, defining social frames of problems and issues related to the public interest, promoting public debates, as well as shaping public opinion. The emergence of social media has led to many alterations in the communication environment and is redefining the power distribution between journalism and politics. We are immersed in a time characterized by the introduction of large-scale changes that alter what we have taken for granted. This book examines the processes that transform the relat

Due to the increasing demand for security and reliability in manufacturing and mechatronic systems, early detection and diagnosis of faults are key points to reduce economic losses caused by unscheduled maintenance and downtimes, to increase safety, to prevent the endangerment of human beings involved in the process operations and to improve reliability and availability of autonomous systems. The development of algorithms for health monitoring and fault and anomaly detection, capable of the early detection, isolation, or even prediction of technical component malfunctioning, is becoming more and more crucial in this context. This Special Issue is devoted to new research efforts and results concerning recent advances and challenges in the application of “Algorithms for Fault Detection and Diagnosis”, articulated over a wide range of sectors. The aim is to provide a collection of some of the current state-of-the-art algorithms within this context, together with new advanced theoretical

In recent decades, white adipose tissue has emerged as far more than a passive energy store and is now recognized as an active endocrine organ with remarkable plasticity. Its functions extend well beyond long-term energy balance, influencing fertility, immune responses, glucose homeostasis, bone remodeling, and cardiovascular regulation. WAT is therefore increasingly viewed as a central integrator of systemic physiology, both shaping and responding to environmental and metabolic cues. This functional versatility relies largely on the dynamic regulation of gene expression, which enables adipose tissue to continuously adjust its structural and metabolic properties in response to internal and external stimuli. Through coordinated transcriptional programs, epigenetic modifications, and post-transcriptional mechanisms, cells modulate pathways governing lipid metabolism, energy utilization, inflammatory responses, and intercellular communication. Such regulatory flexibility allows tissues to maintain homeostasis while rapidly adapting to nutritional changes, hormonal signals, environmental stressors, and pathological conditions. The studies collected in this Special Issue highlight the adaptability of adipose tissue and the key role of gene-expression reprogramming in shaping its functional diversity. Spanning biological models from mammalian systems to the invertebrate Bombyx mori and pathological contexts including obesity, diabetes, cancer, mastitis, and COVID-19.

This compilation provides a thorough review of recent advancements in nonlinear dynamical systems and chaotic behavior. The contents of this reprint are especially pertinent for graduate students and researchers in a variety of fields, including physics, chemistry, biomedicine, social sciences, economic sciences, engineering, etc.

This Special Issue focuses on bringing together innovative developments and synergies in new control strategies and power grids.Other potential topics include but are not limited to the following: Energy storage devices; More on-site power generation; Flexible demand response; Real-time distribution and customer data; Real-time price signals; Smart distribution system and processes; Better customer information, choices, and tools; Smart metering experiences.

The "Advance in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers" Special Issue establishes a connection between original research papers and reviews that showcase recent progress in the formulation, creation, and wide-ranging utilization of molecularly imprinted polymers. The content within this Special Issue encompasses a range of subjects pertaining to the chemistry of MIPs, encompassing aspects such as molecular modeling, the utilization of novel monomers and innovative synthesis methods for crafting MIPs, the synthesis and application of ion-imprinted materials, the selective extraction of organic compounds, the preparation of sensors, and the implementation of MIPs in the field of medicine. The compilation of scientific papers presented in this collection demonstrates the diverse landscape of research within MIPs chemistry, ultimately leading to the enhancement of desired traits and the exploration of fresh potential applications for these materials. Related Books Applications of Molecularly Im

Increasing energy efficiency; reducing energy demand, greenhouse gas emissions, and the use of waste; and integrating renewable and recycled heat from low-temperature sources are significant challenges today and are key parts of 4th Generation District Heating (4GDH) concept. On the other hand, currently about one billion people around the world are suffering from water scarcity, and another three billion are approaching this situation. Only 2.5\% of all water on the planet is freshwater, of which around 70\% is not available and only 0.4\% constitutes the most valuable portion of freshwater. Adsorption cooling technology is one of the most effective ways of addressing both these issues. This technology cools and produces potable water from the renewable and wasted heat of the near ambient temperature, including from sewage water, solar heat, and underground resources. This Special Issue Reprint Book provides the detailed information concerning the above-mentioned issues. Related Books

In 1900, Paul Ehrlich, who was studying ricin and abrin at the time, discovered antibodies and paved the way for immunotherapy. After 120 years, Ehrlich’s insight into the therapeutic potential of immunotargeting is still a source of inspiration for many scientists. One of the most studied antibody-based targeting strategies is the carrying of powerful toxins. The generated molecules are immunotoxins, i.e., chimeric proteins obtained by coupling bacterial or plant toxins and antibodies through chemical linking or genetic engineering. Immunotoxins are functionally designed to eliminate the cells responsible for pathological conditions, and they find applications in several fields, ranging from cancer to immunological diseases or pain control. Despite the lack of specificity, even native toxins find clinical application, but the use of unconjugated toxins is limited to loco-regional treatments. A fundamental requirement for the medical application of toxins and their immunoconjugates

This volume provides information and analyses to better grasp the social implications of geographical borders as well as the individuals who travel between them and those who live in border regions. Sociologists, anthropologists, philosophers, linguists, and scholars of international relations and public health are just some of the authors contributing to Rethinking Borders. The diversity in the authors’ disciplines and the topics they focus on exemplify the intricacies of borders and their manifold effects. This openness to so many schools of thought stands in contrast to the solidification of stricter borders across the globe. The contributions range from case studies of migrants’ sense of belonging and safety to theoretical discussions about migration and globalization, from empirical studies about immigrant practices and exclusionary laws to ethical concerns about the benefits of inclusion. It is timely that this collective work is published in the middle of a pandemic that has af

A rare disease is a condition that affects only a small part of the population. Although each single disease is rare, the total number of patients suffering from a rare disease is high. Importantly, nearly all rare diseases lack an approved treatment, making the development of novel therapies for rare diseases a major strategic research goal. Developing such therapies for rare diseases, however, is challenging. Most rare diseases have a genetic background and gene therapy is the only curative option. This Special Issue on “Gene Therapy of Rare Disease” collects several reviews and one original article on currently ongoing research trying to make gene therapy a more widely used treatment option in the clinic. In addition to reviews on mechanistic aspects of rare disease treatment by gene replacement and gene correction, the current state of gene therapies for Diamond-Blackfan anemia and lysosomal storage disorders is described.

This Special Issue aims to address the complex challenges associated with invasive alien species and the critical role of risk assessment in managing these threats. The issue underscores the importance of prioritizing limited resources to identify and rank invasive alien species, pathways, and habitats, and it seeks to collect diverse examples of overcoming dilemmas and effectively controlling biological invasions. The articles on risk assessments for biological invasions included in this Special Issue covered a range of disciplines, including data consolidation, field observations, modeling and simulation, procedures and guidelines, and/or geospatial techniques, in the fields of data requirements and quality, risk assessment methods, introduction risk, spread risk, impact analysis, and so on. This Special Issue highlights the importance of interdisciplinary approaches and robust data for the effective management of invasive species. The insights and findings presented in these articles offer valuable guidance for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners working to mitigate the impacts of biological invasions.

This reprint aims to explore one of the most popular trends of relevance to sensors, which represents an influential platform for the exchange of scientific knowledge in the field of FBGs from the point of view of its recent advances and future perspectives. We are opening small, but very interesting pages in FBGs' 35-year history. The first section is devoted to the modernization of FBG basics and its performance in various conditions: line-by-line inscription of tilted FBGs, radiation effects on FBGs, and short-term creep effect on strain transfer from fiber-reinforced polymer strips. The second one details new approaches to interrogation methods: a detailed algorithm of FBG spectrum distortion correction for classical OSA with CCD elements and noise analysis of new microwave photonic interrogation of fiber-based sensors. The next section reflects the results of using FBGs in aviation systems: noise cancellation of helicopter blade deformations, design of a high-precision shape sensor for wing shape reconstruction, and development of a medium-frequency accelerometer based on flexible hinges. We separately discuss the transfer of FBG technologies to new devices based on integral photonics and new mediums in which FBGs can gain new life: modeling a fully integrated micro-ring-based photonic system for liquid refractometry and designing wavelength-tunable vortex beam emitters based on silicon micro-rings and twisted few-mode optical fibers with improved height of quasi-step refractive index profiles.

Perennial woody plants usually face multifactorial adverse conditions during their long lifespan, which impairs their growth and productivity. To cope with these adverse conditions, trees deploy morphyological, physiological and molecular responses to adapt to the environmental constraints. By using high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic approaches, many hub genes that are involved in stress response were identified. In recent years, with the advantages of transgenic technology in woody plants, many candidate genes participating in stress responses were functionally characterized and showed great potential for tree improvement under different stresses. On the other hand, cultivation strategies (including beneficial microorganism investigation, beneficial microorganism inoculation, mixed forest and so on) also play crucial roles in tree improvement under abiotic and biotic stress. Related Books Physiological Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Forest Trees Environmental &

The present book contains nine articles that were accepted and published in the Special Issue “Modeling and Control of Energy Conversion during Underground Coal Gasification Process” of the MDPI Energies journal. This book focuses on the energy conversion processes in underground coal gasification (UCG), as well as on the modeling and control of this process. The articles published in this book can be divided into three thematic parts of research in the field of underground coal gasification technology: the first part is the impact of technology on the environment, the second is research (studies) on the coal areas and coal properties of UCG technology, and the third is the monitoring, modeling, and control processes within UCG. We hope that this book will be interesting and useful for workers and researchers in the field of underground coal gasification technology, as well as for those who are interested in the mathematical modeling and control of this process. Related Books Advan

The enteric protozoans Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are the most common diarrhoea-causing protozoan parasites worldwide. Cryptosporidium spp. is a leading cause of diarrhoea morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years of age in poor-resource settings in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Although infection by G. duodenalis is rarely a fatal condition, giardiasis is commonly associated with childhood growth faltering and cognitive impairment. Because of their significant socioeconomic impact, particularly in low-income countries, giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis joined the “Neglected Disease Initiative” launched by the World Health Organization in 2004. Both Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis are ubiquitous in the environment and can infect a wide range of hosts with different specificities, meaning that humans may acquire the infection via waterborne, foodborne, or zoonotic transmission. Recent advances in detection and molecular epidemiology have indi