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Site-specific drug delivery is among the main objectives for the optimization of pharmaceutical therapies. In particular, local drug delivery systems represent a way to avoid systemic administration, reducing the associated side effects and increasing patient compliance. In the design of local drug delivery systems, different strategies to overcome physiological barriers to obtain effective drug concentration at the target site without affecting adjacent tissues can be pursued. Physical and chemical enhancers, microneedles, and nanostructured drug delivery systems have been proposed as effective tools to influence drug release and partition in the target tissues. Innovative drug delivery systems could be based on natural or synthetic polymers that are biodegradable, endowed with stimuli-responsive behavior, and, if applicable, mucoadhesive properties. Related Books Novel Drug Delivery Systems Biology & Life Sciences ... Nanoparticle-Mediated Targeted Drug Delivery Systems Biology &

This reprint features the latest reviews and cutting-edge research articles on bio-based and natural polymers. It clearly demonstrates the increased interest in this field and will inspire researchers to further develop this field and thus contribute to more sustainable future societies. Related Books Natural Polymers and Biopolymers II Chemistry & Materials Science Development and Application of Bio-Based Polymers Chemistry & Materials Science Eco Polymeric Materials and Natural Polymer Chemistry & Materials Science Biopolymers from Natural Resources Chemistry & Materials Science Advances in Sustainable Polymeric Materials II Chemistry & Materials Science The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: Book Series Reprints Book/Chapter Processing Charges Pay an Invo

It is our pleasure to present this Special Issue of Molecules entitled “Food Processing and Its Impact on Phenolic and other Bioactive Constituents in Food”. Bioactive compounds including phenolic ingredients have long been used as important constituents of a healthy diet. As a result, consumer awareness about the important role of high-quality products rich in bioactive compounds—especially phenolic compounds—in human nutrition, health, and prevention against diseases has increased. Additionally, methods for food processing, regardless of the technology used, have a huge impact on the quality of the final products. Therefore, the big challenges for scientists lie in the monitoring of changes during food processing and the optimization of technology to achieve the minimal degradation of nutrients (including phenolic compounds). Thus, for this Special Issue, I encourage you to read some interesting papers aimed at bringing the latest scientific news, insights, and advances in the fiel

The articles published in this Special Issue reprint offer a sound update of research fields where the concepts of modular crystallography are important and provide unique keys to understand and to solve problems of structural crystallography. Polytypism, polysomatism, and twinning are fertile fields of research, and their basic principles—often coupled with the OD (order-disorder) theory—are powerful tools to solve and classify related crystal structures. Research on twinning and its consequences on structure and properties of crystalline materials is cutting-edge, e.g., dealing with relations between twin walls and piezoelectricity. Related Books Polymorphism in Crystals Engineering Mineralogical Crystallography Volume II Biology & Life Sciences ... Mineralogical Crystallography Biology & Life Sciences ... Crystal Plasticity Chemistry & Materials Science New Mineral Species and Their Crystal Structures Environmental & Earth Sciences The recommendations have been generated using a

Food, by nature, is a biological substrate and is therefore capable of supporting the growth of microbials that are potential producers of toxic compounds. Among them mycotoxins, marine biotoxins, plant toxins, cyanogenic glycosides, and toxins occurring in poisonous mushrooms pose not only a risk to both human and animal health but also impact food security and nutrition by reducing people’s access to healthy food. This book collects some of the recent key improvements of analytical methodologies for the detection of natural toxins and their metabolites in food, and highlights the challenges yet to be resolved. Special emphasis is given to emerging or less-investigated toxins, to provide the scientific community with new tools and/or data supporting a better understanding of related food safety issues. Related Books Food Safety and Natural Toxins Chemistry & Materials Science Application of Novel Methods for Mycotoxins Analysis Biology & Life Sciences ... Mycotoxins Study: Toxicology

Climate change has increased the harmful effects of abiotic factors such as drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures, which are the main causes of the decrease in crop yields and food production worldwide. The Special Issue, “Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Plant Tolerance upon Abiotic Stress – 2nd Edition”, contains 10 papers that explore the impact of environmental stresses and tolerance mechanisms in plants. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying plant tolerance of abiotic stress is important for improving plant growth and agricultural productivity in the face of climate change. The papers in this Special Issue identify key stress response genes, transcription factors, and metabolic pathways, which are important for developing tolerant crop varieties; they also make clear that agricultural biostimulants play a key role in mitigating environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, high temperatures, and heavy-metal toxicity. The studies in this Special Issue enhance the field’s understanding of stress tolerance mechanisms and support agricultural sustainability.

The articles in this reprint highlight the complex interactions between climate change, human activities, and hydrological processes across diverse regions. They showcase advances in modeling, remote sensing, and artificial intelligence for assessing river dynamics, flood and drought risks, and ecosystem responses. Together, these studies reveal both the progress achieved in understanding hydrological change and the persistent challenges in forecasting, managing, and mitigating its impacts. Overall, the issue underscores the need for integrated, data-driven, and adaptive approaches to enhance water security under a changing climate.

This reprint mainly focuses on the latest challenges in PNT, especially in challenging environments for various research investigations and a range of practical applications. Topics cover high-precision and high-reliability PNT with GNSS or multi-source sensors, resilient PNT with GNSS or multi-source sensors in challenging environments, integrated PNT with GNSS and multi-sensor systems, and applications of PNT with GNSS or multi-source sensors.

This reprint aims to showcase manuscripts presenting efficient SOH estimation methods using AI which exhibit good performance such as high accuracy, high robustness against the changes in working conditions, and good generalization, etc. Lithium-ion batteries have a wide range of applications, but one of their biggest problems is their limited lifetime due to performance degradation during usage. It is, therefore, essential to determine the battery’s state of health (SOH) so that the battery management system can control the battery, enabling it to run in the best state and thus prolonging its lifetime. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies possess immense potential in inferring battery SOH and can extract aging information (i.e., SOH features) from measurements and relate them to battery performance parameters, avoiding a complex battery modeling process. Related Books Artificial Intelligence-Based State-of-Health Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Chemistry & Materials Scienc

This reprint covers the theory and fabrication of plasmonic nanostructures, patterned surfaces, and devices for lossy mode resonance (LMR), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), surface-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy (SEFS), and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based biosensors. The chapters in this reprint cover a range of topics, including the interplay between SPR and lossy mode resonance, fabrication of LSPR substrates using high-throughput techniques, recent advances in various nanostructures, recent developments in the field of nanostructured Ag substrates, and innovative advances in biosensors based on DNA nanotechnology. These chapters provide a comprehensive overview of recent developments in plasmonic biosensors, making this reprint essential reading for researchers working in biosensors and plasmonics. Related Books Surface Plasmon Resonance for Biosensing Chemistry & Materials Science ... New and Improved Nanomaterials and Approaches for Optical Bio- and Immunosen

Bacterial resistance to known and currently used antibiotics represents a growing issue worldwide. It poses a major problem in the treatment of infectious diseases in general and hospital-acquired infections in particular. This is in part due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in past decades, which led to the selection of highly resistant bacteria and even so-called superbugs – multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Nosocomial infections, particularly, are often caused by MDR bacterial pathogens and the treatment of such infections is very complicated and extensive, often leading to various side effects, including adverse effects on the natural human microbiome. At the same time, the development of novel antibiotics is lagging with very few new ones in the pipeline. Finding viable alternatives to treat such infections may help to overcome these therapeutic issues. This publication brings novel developments in the field of bacterial resistance, mainly in the hospital settings, ade

The school of thought surrounding the urban ecosystem has increasingly become in vogue among researchers worldwide. Since half of the world’s population lives in cities, urban ecosystem services have become essential to human health and wellbeing. Rapid urban growth has forced sustainable urban developers to rethink important steps by updating and, to some degree, recreating the human–ecosystem service linkage.Assessing as well as estimating the losses of ecosystem services can denote the essential effects of urbanization and increasingly indicate where cities fall short. This second book on urban ecosystem services contains 11 thoroughly refereed contributions published within the Special Issue “Urban Ecosystem Services II: Toward a Sustainable Future”. The book addresses topics such as cultural ecosystem services, green infrastructure, urban trees, urban green spaces, and more. The contributions highlight current knowledge, gaps, and future research with the focus on building a sus

Throughout the history of materials science and physics, few topics have captured as much interest as the phenomenon of superconductivity (SPC), discovered in 1911. Perhaps this is because of the intriguing interpretation of the phenomenon, which remains controversial, or for the secret hope of being able to synthesize a material with a critical superconductive transition temperature (TC) high enough to revolutionize the sector of energy generation and transport. As a matter of fact, the search for new superconductor materials has motivated an army of scientists, in particular, after the discovery of high-TC superconductor cuprates (HTS) in the mid-80s. Besides the unremitting interest in HTS, new materials, such as intermetallic borides, iron–nickel-based superconductors, heavy fermion, and organic and superhydride systems, are still delivering outstanding achievements to the scientific community, among which includes thousands of papers and a handful of Nobel prize winners). This Sp

This Reprint presents recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its applications within the evolving paradigms of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0. It brings together contributions addressing intelligent manufacturing, machine learning, computer vision, reinforcement learning, industrial automation, predictive analytics, digital transformation, and sustainable industrial systems. Particular attention is given to the integration of AI with industrial processes and decision-making systems, demonstrating its potential to enhance operational efficiency, flexibility, resilience, and sustainability. Beyond technological performance, the contributions also reflect the transition toward the human-centric, sustainable, and resilient principles associated with Industry 5.0. Collectively, the works included in this Reprint provide both theoretical and applied perspectives on the role of AI in modern industrial environments, highlighting current technological challenges, practical implementation issues, and relevant directions for future research.

The pervasive contamination of water resources by persistent and emerging pollutants—including pharmaceuticals, industrial dyes, pesticides, and heavy metals—represents one of the most critical global environmental and public health challenges. Conventional water treatment methods often prove inadequate, inefficient, or costly for achieving the complete mineralization of these complex, non-biodegradable contaminants. With pollutants posing significant environmental threats, developing environmentally benign, efficient, and cost-effective treatment technologies is paramount. Photocatalysis stands at the forefront of this shift, offering a "green chemistry" pathway for water purification. In this Reprint, we focus on cutting-edge research on the application of photocatalysis for water treatment.

This Special Issue presents a collection of articles that highlight the significant progress in the study of differential and difference equations. These contributions cover a wide range of topics, from boundary value problems and the asymptotic behavior of solutions to complex mathematical models and the application of fractional and difference equations in various scientific and engineering fields. Differential equations are a core mathematical tool for modeling dynamic systems in a diverse range of areas, such as physics, biology, economics, and engineering. Likewise, difference equations provide discrete counterparts to continuous models, which are crucial in understanding phenomena occurring in digital systems and various computational models. The papers presented in this Special Issue reflect the latest theoretical advancements and applications in these important research areas.

When dealing with diagnostic pathology related to gynecologic diseases, one may come across various scenarios. These may include benign lesions that appear malignant and vice versa. This Special Issue includes original research articles, reviews, and clinical cases that help understand the different aspects of gynecological pathology. It covers papers on endometriosis and its role in malignancies, primary and metastatic synchronous tumors, the impact of viruses and bacteria on the development of tumors in gynecology, and infertility and pregnancy-related topics. Related Books Diagnosis of Lower Genital Tract Disease Public Health & Healthcare Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management of Diseases during Pregnancy Medicine & Pharmacology Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Gynecologic Cancer Biology & Life Sciences ... Nutrition in Gynecologic Disease Biology & Life Sciences Veterinary Pathology and Veterinary Anatomy Biology & Life Sciences The recommendations have been gene

Agricultural productivity should increase to meet the growing food demand. Tillage is defined as the mechanical manipulation of agricultural soil, and it is an extremely vital part of crop production, particularly for seedbed preparation and weed control. Tillage operations are carried out using mechanical force, commonly with a tractor-drawn tool to achieve the cutting, inversion, pulverization, and disturbance of soil. A significant part of the energy (from fossil fuels) used in crop production is expended in tillage. This energy use results in greenhouse gas emissions. It is essential that we reduce energy use (hence, greenhouse gas emissions) to achieve sustainable farming practices and improve crop production and design new tillage tools or optimize the existing tools. Although the design and evaluation of tillage tools are generally carried out using analytical methods and field experiments, with recent technological improvements, computer technology has been used for the desi

Additive manufacturing (AM) methods have grown and evolved rapidly in recent years. AM for polymers is particularly exciting and has great potential in transformative and translational research in many fields, such as biomedicine, aerospace, and even electronics. The current methods for polymer AM include material extrusion, material jetting, vat polymerization, and powder bed fusion. In this Special Issue, state-of-the-art reviews and current research results, which focus on the process–structure–properties relationships in polymer additive manufacturing, are reported. These include, but are not limited to, assessing the effect of process parameters, post-processing, and characterization techniques. Related Books Process–Structure–Properties in Polymer Additive Manufacturing Chemistry & Materials Science ... Polymer Materials in Additive Manufacturing: Modelling and Simulation Engineering Additive Manufacturing of Bio and Synthetic Polymers Engineering Additive Manufacturing of Pol

This book contains the contributions of the Special Issue entitled "Agents and Robots for Reliable Engineered Autonomy". The Special Issue was based on the successful first edition of the "Workshop on Agents and Robots for reliable Engineered Autonomy" (AREA 2020), co-located with the 24th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2020). The aim was to bring together researchers from autonomous agents, as well as software engineering and robotics communities, as combining knowledge from these three research areas may lead to innovative approaches that solve complex problems related to the verification and validation of autonomous robotic systems. Related Books Advances in Robotics and Autonomous Systems Engineering Feasible, Robust and Reliable Automation and Control for Autonomous Systems Engineering Advanced Autonomous Systems and Artificial Intelligence Stage Computer Science & Mathematics ... Advanced Sensing and Control Technologies for Autonomous Robots Engineering

Bioelectric sensors are unique diagnostic principles and technologies. Although they share many traits with electrochemical sensors, especially regarding the common features of instrumentation, they are focused on the measurement of the electric properties of biorecognition elements as a reflection of cellular, biological, and biomolecular functions in a rapid, very sensitive, and often non-invasive manner. Bioelectric sensors offer a plethora of options in terms both of assay targets (molecules, cells, organs, and organisms) and methodological approaches (e.g., potentiometry, impedance spectrometry, and patch-clamp electrophysiology). Irrespective of the method of choice, “bioelectric profiling” is being rapidly established as a superior concept for a number of applications, including in vitro toxicity, signal transduction, real-time medical diagnostics, environmental risk assessment, and drug development. This Special Issue is the first that is exclusively dedicated to the advanced

Mathematical models have played increasingly important roles in investigating complex water resources and water environmental problems over the past one hundred years. With the rapid development of big data technology, scientific computing is now evolving from the traditional physical-based calculations to the increasingly popular data-driven models grounded on artificial neural networks. The active research topics include the model selection, algorithm output judgement, visualization of results, useful information extraction, and the integration of physical-based and machine learning approaches. This Reprint focuses on mathematical modelling and numerical simulations in the fields of environmental hydraulics and water resource engineering, aiming to share the latest research endeavours, technological progress, and case studies from around the world. It includes the integration and application of artificial intelligence technologies into the conventional computational modelling exercises, addressing the difficulties of small datasets, interconnected systems, and extreme environmental changes.

This Reprint, titled “Lithium-Ion Batteries: Design, Preparation, Reaction Mechanisms of Electrode Materials, and Battery Life Evaluation,” collates cutting-edge research focused on overcoming the performance limitations of current energy storage systems. This collection addresses critical challenges in the field, from the development of next-generation silicon and composite anodes to the engineering of high-capacity cathodes and stable interfacial architectures. A significant emphasis is placed on elucidating the complex reaction mechanisms and degradation pathways that govern cell performance and longevity. Advanced preparation techniques and innovative electrode design strategies are explored to enhance ionic conductivity, mechanical stability, and cycling durability. Furthermore, this Reprint highlights the application of sophisticated in situ and operando characterization methods, alongside robust modeling frameworks, for precise state-of-health monitoring and accurate battery life prediction. By integrating fundamental material insights with practical engineering solutions, this compilation serves as a vital resource for developing more efficient, reliable, and commercially viable lithium-ion batteries for the future of electrified transportation and grid storage.

The security technology of new information technologies in scenarios such as smart life, smart cities, smart networks, etc., and the promotion and enhancement of the development of network security are mainly included here. New-generation network attacks and defense technology, new secure cryptographic algorithms, data security and privacy protection technology, network and communication security protocol, security analysis, and the evaluation of new application scenarios are discussed.