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This Special Issue deals with a range of social and environmental applications of mathematics. First, articles deal with mediation analysis in studying the impact of socioeconomic factors on health, convergence analysis for assessing the sustainability of EU state economies using cluster analysis, access to economic independence using mutual information and kernel density information, verifying the impact of the location of residential properties in relation to poverty levels, ecosystem services in streets and spatial analysis in an economic model studying spatiotemporal interactions. The second topic discussed is environmental elements modelling, covering nonlinear models enabling the reconstruction of missing meteorological data, green and low-carbon rural development with the use of graph analysis and PM 2.5 and PM 10 prediction modelling with the Nonlinear Autoregressive Exogenous Model. The third is related to purifying the environment polluted by humans with the use of living o

The book is devoted to contemporary issues regarding the safety of motor vehicles and road traffic. It presents the achievements of scientists, specialists, and industry representatives in the following selected areas of road transport safety and automotive engineering: active and passive vehicle safety, vehicle dynamics and stability, testing of vehicles (and their assemblies), including electric cars as well as autonomous vehicles. Selected issues from the area of accident analysis and reconstruction are discussed. The impact on road safety of aspects such as traffic control systems, road infrastructure, and human factors is also considered. Related Books Advances in Vehicle Dynamics and Road Safety: Technologies, Simulations and Applications Engineering Performance and Safety Enhancement Strategies in Vehicle Dynamics and Ground Contact Engineering Emerging Transportation Safety and Operations Engineering Intelligent Vehicles Engineering Transport Systems: Safety Modeling, Vision

The rapid outbreak of the COVID-19 has presented unprecedented challenges on education systems. Closing schools and universities and cancelling face-to-face activities have become a COVID-19 inevitable reality in most parts of the world. To be business-as-usual, many higher education providers have taken steps toward digital transformation, and implementing a range of remote teaching, learning and assessment approaches. This book provides timely research on COVID-19 impacts on education systems and seeks to bring together scholars, educators, policymakers and practitioners to collectively and critically identify, investigate and share best practices that lead to rethinking and reframing the way we deliver education in future. Related Books Reshaping Higher Education for a Post-COVID-19 World: Lessons Learned and Moving Forward Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities Emergency Remote Teaching during COVID-19 Lockdown and Its Implications for Higher Education Institutions: An International

Over the past decade, interest in plant biostimulants has been on the rise, compelled by the growing interest of researchers, extension specialists, private industries, and farmers in integrating these products in the array of environmentally friendly tools to secure improved crop performance, nutrient efficiency, product quality, and yield stability. Plant biostimulants include diverse organic and inorganic substances, natural compounds, and/or beneficial microorganisms such as humic acids, protein hydrolysates, seaweed and plant extracts, silicon, endophytic fungi like mycorrhizal fungi, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria belonging to the genera Azospirillum, Azotobacter, and Rhizobium. Other substances (e.g., chitosan and other biopolymers and inorganic compounds) can have biostimulant properties, but their classification within the group of biostimulants is still under consideration. Plant biostimulants are usually applied to high-value crops, mainly greenhouse crops, fruit

This reprint conceptualizes oxidative stress as a unifying molecular axis through which environmental exposure reprograms biological systems. Rather than focusing exclusively on exposure intensity, this framework underscores that the chemical composition and oxidative potential of particulate matter and related atmospheric factors critically shape cellular and systemic responses. Environmental stimuli are thus interpreted as bioactive signals that modulate redox homeostasis, innate immune activation, and tissue integrity. At the organismal level, oxidative stress functions as a central integrator linking epithelial injury, inflammatory signaling, and barrier dysfunction. Perturbation of mucosal interfaces facilitates the systemic dissemination of inflammatory mediators, extending local insults to distant organs and reinforcing self-propagating redox–inflammatory circuits. This amplification underlies the transition from localized exposure effects to chronic disease susceptibility. By assembling contributions spanning mechanistic redox biology, immune regulation, barrier integrity, and host-directed intervention strategies, this reprint provides an integrated perspective on how environmental information is molecularly encoded and biologically executed. Collectively, the articles position oxidative stress as a central organizing principle connecting environmental chemistry with cellular decision-making and systemic pathology.

This Special Issue presents a curated collection of articles exploring the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in oral and maxillofacial imaging. The contributions highlight recent advancements in machine learning, radiomics, and deep learning techniques applied to diagnostic tasks involving complex anatomical regions and diverse pathologies. Emphasis is placed on the integration of AI for improving diagnostic accuracy, supporting clinical decision-making, and enabling precision medicine in the fields of radiology and oncology. The papers also discuss technical challenges, validation strategies, and ethical considerations that accompany the clinical implementation of AI technologies. By bringing together original research and comprehensive reviews, this Special Issue offers a valuable resource for clinicians, researchers, and developers interested in the future directions of AI in oral and maxillofacial imaging.

In the search for sustainable city solutions, engineers face a bottleneck situation in balancing development and the intensified environmental challenges induced by scaled-up flooding, over-grown river vegetation, sediment transport, bridge and coastal scouring, and excessive pollution. The coupling impacts of uncontrolled flood and sediment to a city has caused difficulty in its management. Various numerical, theoretical, and experimental approaches have been proposed to reproduce flow and sediment transport conditions in real-world urban rivers, in order to perfect management strategies for them. This reprint, which is built from a well-planned journal’s Special Issue, aims to construct a collection of state-of-the-art studies and technologies to give insights to the related environmental, river, and sustainable city research and engineering communities. It is related and, hence, useful for environmental, river, and hydraulic engineers, authorities, and researchers to understand th

Polymers in the form of films, fibers, nano- and microspheres, composites, and porous supports are promising biomaterials for a wide range of advanced biomedical applications. This Special Issue presents novel studies and new approaches in the field of biomaterials for tissue engineering and drug delivery. It includes seven original research articles and two reviews on biomaterials based on polymeric matrices with various structures, including porous composites, nanofibrous scaffolds, meshes, and hydrogels, which can include micro- or nanoparticles (graphene nanosheets, bioactive glass, and hydroxyapatite and halloysite nanotubes). Related Books Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Chemistry & Materials Science Polymer Materials in Biomedical Application Biology & Life Sciences Advanced Polymers for Biomedical Applications Chemistry & Materials Science Novel Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering 2018 Engineering Bioceramics, Bioglasses and Gels for Tissue Engineering B

This Special Issue focuses on the effects of hydrostatic pressure on biological systems and the use of these effects for exploring the structure, function, and molecular dynamics of biological macromolecules and their ensembles. Here, we present a selection of papers highlighting new experimental findings and new theoretical concepts in high-pressure biosciences. In these studies, the authors combine pressure perturbation approaches with NMR and optical spectroscopy, kinetic and thermodynamic techniques, functional genomics and transcriptomics, and molecular dynamics simulations to gain new insights into the conformational dynamics of proteins and nucleic acids and to better understand the mechanisms of high-pressure adaptation in piezophiles. The articles collected in this issue demonstrate the unique exploratory potential of the pressure perturbation approach for biochemistry, biophysics, mechanistic enzymology, and evolutionary biology. Related Books Materials under High Pressure

Despite many years of efforts to reduce the emission of toxic pollutants into the environment, the contamination of air, soils and water by heavy metals and organic xenobiotics is still a serious problem. This has urged many scientists around the world to undertake research that aims to find effective methods of removing pollutants from the environment. Special attention is paid to biological methods, which, thanks to their numerous advantages, meet the expectations of the whole society. As part of the Special Issue “Study of Biodegradation and Bioremediation”, in the MDPI journal Processes, several valuable articles have been published, which together form a picture of the current state of advanced research on the effective fight against environmental pollution. These include papers on the biodegradation of petroleum compounds or synthetic dyes by microorganisms or the enzymes they produce. In addition, the Special Issue includes papers on the bioremediation of dangerous heavy metal

During the past decades, the subject of calculus of integrals and derivatives of any arbitrary real or complex order has gained considerable popularity and impact. This is mainly due to its demonstrated applications in numerous seemingly diverse and widespread fields of science and engineering. In connection with this, great importance is attached to the publication of results that focus on recent and novel developments in the theory of any types of differential and fractional differential equation and inclusions, especially covering analytical and numerical research for such kinds of equations. This book is a compilation of articles from a Special Issue of Mathematics devoted to the topic of “Recent Investigations of Differential and Fractional Equations and Inclusions”. It contains some theoretical works and approximate methods in fractional differential equations and inclusions as well as fuzzy integrodifferential equations. Many of the papers were supported by the Bulgarian Nation

Cancer affects a large proportion of the global population and remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, ranking second according to the World Health Organization. Despite advances in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, major challenges, such as drug resistance, systemic toxicity, and limited tumor selectivity, continue to drive the search for more effective therapies and improved drug delivery strategies. This Special Issue brings together original research and review articles highlighting recent progress in cancer treatment. Contributions cover diverse approaches, including novel small-molecule anticancer agents, epigenetic modulators, nanotechnology-based and combination therapies, externally activated targeted treatments, drug repurposing, and immunotherapy. The collection reflects the multidisciplinary nature of modern oncology, spanning mechanistic insights and translational applications. The Issue also presents emerging experimental platforms and enabling technologies, including 3D in vitro cancer models, organoid-based drug testing, and machine learning-supported preclinical research. Novel therapeutic modalities—such as photothermal and photoimmunotherapy, nanovesicle drug delivery, dual-action treatments, and natural compounds—are also explored. Overall, this collection highlights innovative strategies aimed at improving the efficacy, selectivity, and safety of cancer therapies and advancing more personalized treatment approaches.

The experience of migration and immigration are key determinants of health and overall well-being. Social inequities and contexts of poverty and violence all significantly impact migrants’ health and well-being.  Furthermore, migrants are vulnerable to isolation, exclusion, discrimination, xenophobia, and insecurity, all of which exacerbate their health challenges. Migrants in irregular or undocumented situations are especially at risk of exploitation, trafficking, detention, and deportation.  These social determinants of health have an adverse effect on migrant health.  This Reprint provides empirical evidence, contextual insights, and critical analyses that explore the links between migration, migration status, and health and well-being. By adopting an interdisciplinary, international, and multi-method approach, the issue features contributions from scholars based in the United States, Mexico, Chile, Australia, France, Spain, and China. These scholars represent diverse fields including sociology, psychology, anthropology, geography, political science, international relations, medicine, public health, social work, and Latino and Latin American Studies. Through these varied perspectives, this Reprint provides evidence about how social and immigration policies have a direct effect on health and life expectancy.

Aptamers are bioaffinity molecules with many advantages, including in vitro generation, low cost, and a wide acceptance of chemical modification. Combined with transduction technologies, aptamers can be further utilized to develop aptasensors, which have superior merits of low cost, rapid response, high sensitivity and selectivity, etc. Thus, aptamers and aptasensors have excellent bioapplication potential in the field of analytical chemistry, in areas such as disease diagnosis, food analysis, environment monitoring, etc. This Special Issue is devoted to the dissemination of research on aptamer generation and bioapplication. We will cover a wide range of advanced studies on aptamer-related exploration in the scope of this Special Issue. Related Books Aptamers Engineering Novel Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Chemistry & Materials Science Biosensing and Bioimaging Medicine & Pharmacology ... Feature Papers in Applied Biosciences 2023 Biology & Life Sciences Bioassays and Biosensors

Two-phase gas–liquid flows are frequently encountered in the energy, nuclear, chemical, geothermal, oil and gas and refrigeration industries. Two-phase gas–liquid flows can occur in various forms, such as flows transitioning from pure liquid to vapor as a result of external heating, separated flows behind a flow's sudden expansion or constriction, dispersed two-phase flows where the dispersed phase is present in the form of liquid droplets, or gas bubbles in a continuous carrier fluid phase (i.e. gas or liquid). Typically, such flows are turbulent with a considerable interfacial interaction between the carrier fluid and the dispersed phases. The interfacial heat and mass transfer is very important in the modeling of such flows. The variety of flow regimes significantly complicates the theoretical prediction of hydrodynamics of the two-phase flow. It requires the application of numerous hypotheses, assumptions, and approximations. Often, the complexity of flow structures makes it impo

In our globalized world, the need to produce quality and safe food has increased exponentially in recent decades to meet the growing demands of the world population. This expectation is being met by acting at multiple levels, but mainly through the introduction of new technologies in the agricultural and agri-food sectors. In this context, agricultural, livestock, agro-industrial buildings, and agrarian infrastructure are being built on the basis of a sophisticated design that integrates environmental, landscape, and occupational safety, new construction materials, new facilities, and mechanization with state-of-the-art automatic systems, using calculation models and computer programs. It is necessary to promote research and dissemination of results in the field of mechanization and agricultural structures, specifically with regard to farm building and rural landscape, land and water use and environment, power and machinery, information systems and precision farming, processing and p

Foaming of polymeric materials enables weight reduction, which is very important from the economic point of view, but most of all, it should be considered as an excellent means to provide new properties to various polymeric materials. Permanent developments in foaming technologies allow manufacturing of foams with micro- and even nano-sized pores, expanding the already very wide range of their applications. Except for the most conventional applications, which include damping materials, thermal and acoustic insulation, packaging materials or absorbents, applications in catalysis, fuel cells, tissue engineering, and electromagnetic shielding, often associated with nanocellular structures, have become more and more popular.Moreover, having in mind the ongoing trends and law regulations, it is important to remember the environmental impact of polymeric foams. Recent technological developments often involve biodegradability of foams, application of environmentally friendly raw materials,

Food webs describe the structure of communities and their energy flows, and they represent interactions between species in ecosystems. Recently, we have witnessed rapid development of techniques for both experimental studies and theoretical/computational studies on food webs as well as species interactions. This reprint book is focused on food chains and food webs in aquatic ecosystems, with seven papers published in the corresponding Special Issue of Applied Sciences. The topics include empirical studies on food chains and food webs as well as effects of environmental factors on organisms in aquatic ecosystems. Related Books Aquatic Ecosystems Biology & Life Sciences Zooplankton Diversity and Pelagic Food Webs Environmental & Earth Sciences Impact of Environmental Factors on Aquatic Ecosystem Environmental & Earth Sciences Impacts of Environmental Change and Human Activities on Aquatic Ecosystems Environmental & Earth Sciences Effects of Species Introduction on Aquatic Communities En

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease that primarily affects the synovial joints, but RA-associated systemic inflammation can cause various extra-articular manifestations and comorbidities. Despite a remarkable therapeutic revolution in recent years, rheumatologists are confronted by many difficulties in the daily practice of managing RA patients. This Special Issue includes six reviews and seven original articles that provide up-to-date information on the concepts of RA pathogenesis and advances in diagnosis and treatment strategies using biological and nonbiological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). The clinical significance of autoantibodies as biomarkers and long-term outcomes of joint damage and function in RA patients are also addressed. Additionally, this collection highlights the management of RA patients with extra-articular manifestations and comorbidities such as interstitial lung disease, chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis, and malignancy. This Special Issue will contribute to optimizing the use of the existing DMARDs and managing individual RA patients in a more personalized manner.

This reprint offers a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in the field of functional biomaterials applied to medicine. The collected articles address critical aspects of biocompatibility, the immune response, and material performance in the context of biomedical devices and implants. Special attention is given to interdisciplinary approaches that integrate materials science, biology, and clinical insights to support the safe and effective use of advanced biomaterials. Contributions cover a broad spectrum of topics, including innovations in dental implant materials, nanoparticle-based therapies, and the medical utilization of emerging biomaterials. Together, these studies underscore the challenges and solutions involved in assessing the biological behavior of functional materials and their translation into real-world clinical applications. This collection serves as a valuable resource for professionals and researchers engaged in the designing, testing, and implementation of next-generation medical biomaterials.

Daily clinical practice is introducing new devices and tools that support doctors in achieving a better diagnosis. This Special Issue shows ten application cases where an algorithm or device is proposed to provide better information to doctors and help them to get more data, leading to better diagnosis and treatment prescription. The cases described here show both hardware and software, including the use of recent artificial intelligence and deep learning techniques. Related Books Artificial Intelligence Advances for Medical Computer-Aided Diagnosis Biology & Life Sciences Algorithms for Fault Detection and Diagnosis Computer Science & Mathematics ... Machine Learning and Deep Learning for Healthcare Data Processing and Analyzing Biology & Life Sciences ... Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in Medical Imaging Informatics towards Diagnostic Decision Making Public Health & Healthcare Biomedical Application of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Computer Science &

A collection of articles published under the guidance of Assoc. Prof. Ph.D. Andrei Victor SANDU in the Special Issue "Obtaining and Characterization of New Materials, Volume II". The published articles under this Special Issue represent an excellent collection of research and review articles with cutting-edge results that promote sustainable development in the field of material engineering. Related Books Obtaining and Characterization of New Materials, Volume III Chemistry & Materials Science Obtaining and Characterization of New Materials, Volume IV Chemistry & Materials Science Obtaining and Characterization of New Materials Chemistry & Materials Science New Materials and Advanced Procedures of Obtaining and Processing Engineering Manufacturing, Characterization and Modeling of Advanced Materials Chemistry & Materials Science ... The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and

Coral reefs are one of the most diverse types of ecosystems on Earth and one of the richest in terms of species interactions. This Special Issue aims to elucidate the hidden diversity of coral reefs through the description of new associations involving coral reef framework taxa. Related Books Diversity of Coral-Associated Fauna Biology & Life Sciences The Future of Coral Reefs Environmental & Earth Sciences Diversity, Biogeography and Community Ecology of Ants II Biology & Life Sciences Ecology and Biogeography of Marine Benthos Biology & Life Sciences Benthic Biodiversity from Microbes to Multicellular Organisms and Its Functional Interplays Biology & Life Sciences The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: Book Series Reprints Book/Chapter Processing Charges P

The work included in this book focuses on precision machining and grinding processes, including milling, laser machining and polishing on various materials for high-end applications. These processes are in the forefront of contemporary technology, with significant industrial applications. Their importance is also made clear by the important works that are included in the research that is presented in the book. Some important aspects of these processes are investigated, and process parameters are optimized. This is performed in the presented works with significant experimental and modelling work, incorporating modern tools of analysis and measurements. Related Books Metal Machini—Recent Advances, Applications and Challenges Engineering Advances and Trends in Non-conventional, Abrasive and Precision Machining Engineering Machining: State-of-the-Art 2022 Engineering Modern Grinding Technology and Systems Engineering Frontiers in Ultra-Precision Machining, Volume II Engineering The rec