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Science has tremendously advanced our understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic pain. Breakthrough findings include functional and structural brain changes, neuro-inflammation, sensory changes, immune alterations, psychological problems, neurocognitive disorders, stress intolerance, sleep impairments, and (epi)genetic changes found in patients with chronic pain. This Journal of Clinical Medicine Boutique Special Issue focuses on the broad field of the biology of chronic pain in humans. It includes invited state-of-the-art papers addressing key biological processes in patients with chronic pain and original research reports. The state-of-the-art papers were written by leading experts and key opinion leaders in the field. This Special Issue contributes to an exciting area of tremendous advancements and breakthrough research. Related Books Clinical Management of Chronic Pain Medicine & Pharmacology Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Pain Medicine & Pharmacology Chronic P

The present reprint contains the 11 articles published in the Special Issue “Advances in Delay Differential Equations” of the MDPI journal Mathematics. The papers cover a wide range of topics connected to the theory of differential equations with delay. These topics include, among others, the construction of solutions, analytical and numerical methods for; dynamical properties of; and applications of DDE to the mathematical modeling of various phenomena and processes in physics, biology, ecology, and medicine. It is hoped that the reprint will be interesting and useful for those working in the area of differential equations with delays and nonlinear dynamics, as well as for those with the proper mathematical background who are willing to become familiar with recent advances in mathematical modelling, which have now entered almost all areas of science. Related Books Advances in Differential Dynamical Systems with Applications to Economics and Biology, 2nd Edition Computer Science &

Microorganisms is pleased to publish this book, which reprints papers that appeared in a Special Issue on “Phototrophic Bacteria”, with Guest Editors Robert Blankenship and Matthew Sattley. This Special Issue included research on all types of phototrophic bacteria, including both anoxygenic and oxygenic forms. Research on these bacterial organisms has greatly advanced our understanding of the basic principles that underlie the energy storage that takes place in all types of photosynthetic organisms, including both bacterial and eukaryotic forms. Topics of interest include: microbial physiology, microbial ecology, microbial genetics, evolutionary microbiology, systems microbiology, agricultural microbiology, microbial biotechnology, and environmental microbiology, as all are related to phototrophic bacteria. Related Books Advances in the Biology of Phototrophic Bacteria Biology & Life Sciences ... Materials for Photobiology Biology & Life Sciences Myxobacteria Biology & Life Sciences

Symmetry and quantum mechanics are two of the most fundamental probes we have of nature. This collection of eleven papers discusses new quantum phenomena in atoms, galaxies, and people (quantum cognition), which is a testimonial to the breadth of the influence of symmetry and quantum mechanics. The book represents an international effort of researchers from educational and research institutions in nine countries, including India, Finland, France, Mexico, Norway, Russia, Spain, Turkey, and the United States.  The papers can be divided into four broad categories:   Fundamentals of quantum systems, including a new derivation of the uncertainty principle from optimal stochastic control theory, a new model of energy transfer between atoms with no wave function collapse, a new asymmetric optical micro-device with the remarkable property of showing a current with no applied voltage, and a model of quantum cognition to predict the effect of irrelevant information on decision making. 2. Alge

In this issue, psychometrics researchers were invited to make reanalyses or extensions of a previously published dataset from a recent paper by Myszkowski and Storme (2018). The dataset analyzed consisted of responses to a multiple-choice logical reasoning nonverbal test, comprising the last series of Raven’s (1941) Standard Progressive Matrices. Although the original paper already proposed several modeling strategies, this issue presents new or improved procedures to study the psychometrics properties of tests of this type. Related Books How Intelligence Can Be a Solution to Consequential World Problems Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities Psycho-Educational Assessments: Theory and Practice Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities Statistical Data Modeling and Machine Learning with Applications II Computer Science & Mathematics The Great Debate Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities Scientific Reasoning in Science Education: From Global Measures to Fine-Grained Descriptions of Students' Competen

This Reprint gathers recent research on the modelling, optimisation, cybersecurity, and operation of modern electric power systems with high penetrations of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles, and distributed energy resources. The contributions address system-level transformation, distribution network operation, and digital innovation for smart grids. Included studies examine modelling pathways toward net-zero power systems, the impact of digital technologies on sustainability, and technical frameworks for distribution system operators integrating distributed energy resources. Distribution-level challenges such as network reconfiguration, medium-voltage islands with high prosumer penetration, and flexible demand-side management are also explored. Data-driven and artificial intelligence methods feature prominently, including comparative analyses of gradient boosting and deep learning for short-term load forecasting and optimisation-based approaches to enhance smart grid reliability. Cybersecurity and resilience are central themes, with investigations of cyber attacks, intrusion detection, authentication in electric vehicle charging infrastructure, and secure EV grid integration strategies. Collectively, the contributions offer an integrated perspective on the technical, operational, and security challenges shaping resilient, intelligent, and sustainable power systems in the era of deep electrification.

This Special Issue is dedicated to transition-metal-containing bifunctional catalysts, their design, and catalytic applications. Transition-metal-catalyzed reactions are highly demanded in modern chemical industry. Nanosized mono- and bimetallic particles as well as complexes of transition metals are well known as catalysts for many processes, such as hydrogenation, oxidation, deoxygenation, carbonylation, cross-coupling, etc. The search for novel supports is of high importance, and the optimization of catalysts’ morphology and functionalities is a constantly developing field. The Special Issue is focused on bifunctional catalysts, which is an emerging field of catalysis including a variety of systems: bimetallic, magnetically separable, inorganic (oxidic and carbonaceous), and polymeric systems.

I am proud to present this Special Issue, “Emergency Medicine: Clinical Advances and Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment,” dedicated to new advances and challenges in emergency medicine. In an ever-evolving world, emergency medicine remains a benchmark for knowledge and prompt action in critical situations. This reprint is a tribute to the medical achievements, dedication, and profound compassion of those who dedicate their lives to saving others. This Special Issue describes the clinical advances and complex challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Each article is designed to give readers a deeper understanding of the latest findings and solutions in this dynamic field. In closing, I hope you can join this journey of knowledge and contribute, each uniquely, to the evolution and improvement of this fascinating field, emergency medicine. I express my gratitude to all of the authors for their valuable contributions and efforts in making this reprint a reality and to our readers for joi

The ninth national conference on applied geochemistry in China will be held in Chengdu, hosted by the committee of applied geochemistry, Chinese Society for Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry (CSMPG). In order to facilitate the academic exchange on applied geochemistry, this Special Issue is intended for the presentation of new advances and case illustrations in the field of applied geochemistry. The guest editors of this Special Issue are Dr. Gong, a professor from China University of Geosciences (Beijing), and Dr. Shi, a professor from the Chengdu University of Technology. This Special Issue was opened on 27 June 2022 and closed on 1 July 2023. A total 14 scientific papers have been published that capture various hot and challenging issues in applied geochemistry. These articles belong to three broad groups: (i) new advances and case illustrations in resource exploration which focus on exploration techniques in covered areas and anomaly determinations of geochemical survey data

Our knowledge of human evolution has made particular progress recently, due to the discovery of new fossils, the use of new methods and multidisciplinary approaches. Moreover, studies on the departure from symmetry, including variations in fluctuating or directional asymmetries, have contributed to the expansion of this knowledge. This Special Issue brings together articles that deal with symmetry and human evolution. The notion of symmetry is addressed, including whether to reconstruct deformed fossil specimens, study biological variations within hominins or compare them with extant primates, address the shape of the brain or seek possible relationships between biological and behavioural data. Related Books Brain Asymmetry in Evolution Biology & Life Sciences Neuroscience, Neurophysiology and Symmetry Biology & Life Sciences Symmetry/Asymmetry of Differential Equations in Biomathematics Computer Science & Mathematics Symmetry and Complexity Computer Science & Mathematics ... Cognit

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial-like endometrial cells, glands, and stroma outside the uterus, causing a wide range of symptoms and signs, including acute and chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Endometriosis affects approximately 10\% of women of reproductive age, and up to 50\% of infertile women. The etiopathogenesis of endometriosis still remains controversial: immune, hormonal, genetic, and epigenetic factors may be all involved, and several theories have been proposed to explain it.One of the main problems for the management of endometriosis is the significant diagnostic delay: to date, several biomarkers are currently being tested in order to provide a reliable non-invasive diagnosis in case of symptoms and signs suspicious for endometriosis.In addition, ultrasound techniques and magnetic resonance imaging are evolving rapidly, allowing for better accuracy, even with the use of artificial intelligence. Finally, new potential histological makers are helpi

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents the most common form of dementia in the elderly population worldwide. AD is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration that leads to a gradual deterioration of memory and other cognitive functions. Given the global prevalence and impact of AD, there is a critical need to establish biomarkers that can be used to detect AD in individuals before the onset of clinical signs and provide mitigating therapeutics. The aim of this Special Issue is to discuss the current knowledge as well as future perspectives on the role of biomarkers in the screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of AD. Related Books Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases Medicine & Pharmacology Biochemical Biomarkers and Neurodegenerative Diseases Biology & Life Sciences Commemorative Issue Celebrating the 20th Anniversary of the Alzheimer’s Foundation of America: Understanding and Treating Alzheimer’s Disease Medicine & Pharmacology Amyloid-β Biology & Life Sciences Molecul

This Reprint, titled “Seismic Analysis and Design of Ocean and Underground Structures”, presents a curated collection of high-quality research papers addressing the dual challenges of seismic safety in deep marine and complex underground environments. The Reprint explores four primary thematic areas. First, it highlights advanced numerical simulation methods, specifically focusing on complex fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problems. A notable contribution demonstrates the use of the coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) method for analyzing submerged floating tunnels, providing a high-fidelity alternative to traditional methods. Other studies investigate sloshing modes in liquid-filled containers and FSI effects. Second, it addresses the structural design of marine-specific facilities, including modular artificial reefs and nuclear power intake tunnels situated on non-uniform soft soils. A significant portion of this Reprint is dedicated to the seismic resilience of underground structures. Extensive research is presented on the impact of weak interlayers and soft soil sites on subway station stability. These studies introduce and validate innovative seismic mitigation components, such as split columns, which significantly enhance structural ductility and reduce internal force compared to traditional designs. Finally, the collection covers lifeline maintenance and subsurface intelligence, examining the reinforcement of corroded steel pipelines with CFRP and advanced reflected wave extraction algorithms for borehole imaging.

This Special Issue elucidates current theoretical and methodological developments in the field of metareasoning, which is concerned with the metacognitive processes that monitor and control our ongoing thinking and reasoning. Monitoring processes evaluate the efficacy of the “object-level” cognition that underpins task performance, including processes that are involved in understanding task information, drawing inferences, and making decisions. In contrast, control processes allocate cognitive resources (e.g., attention and working memory), initiate new strategies, and terminate failing ones. The articles in this Special Issue are organised around three themes: The first relates to the interplay between metareasoning and object-level reasoning when the latter is conceptualised from a “dual-process” perspective, whereby relatively rapid, intuitive, and heuristic processes give rise to default responses that can be intervened with by relatively slow, reflective, and analytic processes. The second theme concerns the nature of individual differences in metareasoning, which is a topic currently under increasing scrutiny. The third theme concerns the way in which metareasoning research is rapidly extending its reach to answer challenging questions in new domains of enquiry beyond those that have traditionally been the preserve of investigations. Such research is giving rise to both valuable methodological developments and important theoretical advancements.

The Special Issue “Body Image, Nutrition, and Mental Health” examines and illuminates the complex relationships among body image, nutrition, and mental health. It covers the psychological and social risk factors of body image disturbances and associated disorders, biological aspects of appetite regulation and the metabolic syndrome, and therapeutic approaches for eating and weight disorders and their health consequences. Related Books Eating and Mental Health Disorders Public Health & Healthcare Body Image and Nutritional Status Among Adolescents and Adults Biology & Life Sciences Nutrition and Fitness Public Health & Healthcare ... Public Health, Nutritional Behavior and Nutritional Status Public Health & Healthcare Recent Advances in Nutritional Psychiatry Medicine & Pharmacology The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Orde

This special Issue aimed to collect the latest original research and reviews on the fundamentals and applications of any functional multiphase flow in microfluidics. There were 24 papers submitted to this Special Issue, and 15 papers were accepted. They address numerous topics, mainly on the motion characteristics of particles with different scales and shapes. Related Books Flow and Heat Transfer Research in Multiphase Flow and Porous Media Engineering Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow in the Pipe or Channel Engineering Modelling Flows in Pipes and Channels Engineering Particles Separation in Microfluidic Devices, Volume II Biology & Life Sciences Particles Separation in Microfluidic Devices Engineering The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: Book Series Reprints Boo

Reservoir quality (porosity and permeability) and heterogeneity in carbonate and siliciclastic hydrocarbon reservoirs and groundwater aquifers are significantly constrained by diagenetic processes, such as biological, chemical, biochemical, and mechanical changes, that occur in sediments subsequent to deposition and prior to low-grade metamorphism. Diagenesis, which has a variable but overall important impact on reservoir quality evolution, is controlled by several inter-related parameters. These parameters include the depositional composition of the sediments, depositional facies, sequence stratigraphy, pore water chemistry, burial history and tectonic setting of the basin, and paleoclimatic conditions.Carbonate and siliciclastic sediments often undergo multiple stages of diagenesis, which are related to complex patterns of burial-thermal history (subsidence and uplift) that are controlled by the tectonic evolution of the basin. Tectonic evolution of the basin is controlled by the p

Decision-making on real-world problems, including individual process decisions, requires an appropriate and reliable decision support system. Fuzzy set theory, rough set theory, and neutrosophic set theory, which are MCDM techniques, are useful for modeling complex decision-making problems with imprecise, ambiguous, or vague data.This Special Issue, “Multiple Criteria Decision Making”, aims to incorporate recent developments in the area of the multi-criteria decision-making field. Topics include, but are not limited to:- MCDM optimization in engineering;- Environmental sustainability in engineering processes;- Multi-criteria production and logistics process planning;- New trends in multi-criteria evaluation of sustainable processes;- Multi-criteria decision making in strategic management based on sustainable criteria. Related Books Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Techniques for Improvement Sustainability Engineering Processes Computer Science & Mathematics ... Multi-Criteria Decision

In January 2020, the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), The Food Trust, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Healthy Eating Research (HER) met for a Healthy Retail Research Convention in Washington, D.C. Attendees included food industry representatives, researchers, and nonprofit organizations. The objective of the convention was to develop a national healthy retail research agenda by (1) determining the effectiveness of government policies, corporate practices, and in-store pilots in promoting healthy eating; (2) identifying gaps in the healthy food retail literature and generating questions for future research, with an intentional focus on reducing health disparities and improving equity; (3) highlighting best practices for partnering with retailers and food manufacturers on healthy retail research; (4) facilitating relationships between retailers and researchers to implement and evaluate retail interventions; and (5) identifying existing datasets, ong

Macro- and microalgae, with their different species and biochemical compositions, provide a rich source of functional components such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, pigments, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. These components exhibit a spectrum of bioactivities, ranging from antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties to neuroprotective and antitumor effects. Yet, given the vast diversity of these metabolites and their wide distribution in algae, there is a need for updated knowledge on their extraction, characterization, and study. In the Special Issue “The Extraction and Application of Functional Components in Algae”, a collection of articles examines the complex processes involved in extracting functional components from algae, as well as their diverse applications.

Planting equipment’s function is to evenly sow the seeds (seedlings) of crops into seed ditches with certain depths and with a certain sowing amount or spacing, cover them with an appropriate amount of fine and moist soil, and fertilize and suppress them appropriately. Pesticides and herbicides can be sprayed to provide good growth conditions for plant growing, thereby achieving high and stable yields and improving production efficiency. In recent years, crop cultivation has developed in a direction that prioritizes yield and efficiency, placing higher technical demands on planting equipment. Therefore, advanced precision planting technology and equipment, an essential means to promote large-scale agricultural production, has become a research hotspot. This Special Issue focuses on precision seed-metering devices, efficient and low-loss transplanters, seed guide devices, profiling mechanisms, and intelligent planting equipment, aiming to advance technological systems and promote crop cultivation and production.

Amidst geopolitical conflicts and energy trade wars challenging the global energy market, this Special Issue addresses critical aspects of the energy sector's transformation. It focuses on expanding and optimizing the industry, supply, and value chains through digital and innovative strategies to improve market-oriented energy distribution. Data-driven economic growth and digital technology advancements are reshaping energy governance, pushing for a shift towards renewable sources and digital solutions to overcome traditional system limitations and the "impossible triangle" of energy security, economic growth, and efficiency. This collection of 10 papers explores the opportunities and challenges in digital governance and sustainable development within the energy sector. By examining the rapid evolution of the digital economy and the urgent need for low-carbon solutions, this Special Issue contributes valuable insights into achieving a sustainable global energy transition, highlightin

This reprint provides a forum for scientists and engineers to share and discuss their pioneering/original findings or insightful reviews on the “Characterization and Processing of Complex Materials”. Reports on successfully coupling complex industrial materials/waste/natural ores with non-destructive characterization method(s) and the unique processing developments were particularly encouraged. On the other hand, any kind of contribution under the broad framework of the understanding and production of complex materials was also highly regarded. This reprint gathers papers on the characterization and processing of complex materials with the following keywords: non-destructive characterization; analytical chemistry and instrumentation; waste management and recycling; selective material recovery/processing; sustainability and circular economy. This includes the waste management and recycling of complex materials (e.g., food and electronic waste) through the development of a new charact

This Special Issue collects contributions related to advances in the theory and practice of Econometrics induced by the research of Katarina Juselius and Søren Johansen, whom this Special Issue aims to celebrate. The papers in this Special Issue provide advances on several topics, and they are grouped in the following areas, with three to four papers per group). The first group provides a historical perspective on Katarina’s and Søren’s contributions to Econometrics. The second group of papers concentrates on representation theory, while the third focuses on estimation and inference. The fourth group explores extensions of CVARs for modelling and forecasting, and the fifth and final group is centered on empirical applications. Related Books Financial Econometrics Business & Economics Econometrics and Income Inequality Business & Economics Financial Econometrics and Quantitative Economic Analysis Business & Economics Recent Topics in Economic Research — Feature Papers for Cerebrating